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The Effect of Neuroticism on Autonomic Cardiac Responses Caused by Mental Stress in University Student-Athletes

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1-Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı, 630 - 640, 29.10.2023

Erman Doğan

https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1364190

Abstract

The present study investigated whether neuroticism might have predictive ability for athletes' Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in response to mental stress, a noninvasive measurement of the interaction between the autonomic nervous and cardiovascular systems. The sample included 49 university student-athletes aged 19 to 24. Participants first completed items from the Five Factor Personality Inventory concerning neuroticism to measure neuroticism. Then, their resting HRV’s were measured for four minutes. Afterward, participants took a modified version of the Stroop word-color task as the mental stressor within four minutes while their HRV responses were recorded. Results indicated a significant increase in terms of Heart Rate (HR) (z= 3.162, p= .002), Root Mean Square of the Successive (RMSSD) (z= 2.973, p= .003), Low Frequency (LF) (z= 3.027, p= .002), and High Frequency (HF) (z= 3.404, p= .001) from baseline to stressor condition in the low neuroticism group. On the other hand, no significant increase was observed in RMSSD (z= 1.314, p= .189) and LF (z= 1.173, p= .241) from baseline to stressor condition in the high neuroticism group. Results also revealed a significant increase in HR (z= 2.543, p= .011) and HF (z= 2.229, p= .026) from baseline to stressor condition in the high neuroticism group. The results observed in the present study revealed that athletes' responses to mental stress might vary due to personality traits, especially neuroticism. In conclusion, researchers and practitioners aiming to regulate athletes' psychophysiological responses to stress should consider personality traits such as neuroticism.

Keywords

Neuroticism Stroop Test HRV

References

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  • Barlow, M., Woodman, T., Gorgulu, R., Voyzey, R. (2016). Ironic effects of performance are worse for neurotics. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 24, 27-37. http://doi.org/10,1016/j.psychsport.2015.12.005
  • Binboga, E., Guven, S., Catikkas, F., Bayazit, O., Tok, S. (2012). Psychophysiological responses to competition and the big five personality traits. Journal of Human Kinetics, 33, 187-194. http://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0057-x
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  • Cervantes Blásquez, J. C., Rodas Font, G., & Capdevila Ortís, L. (2009). Heart-rate variability and precompetitive anxiety in swimmers. Psicothema, 21(4), 531–536.
  • Chalmers, A. J., Quintana, D., Abbott, A. J. M., Kemp, A. (2014). Anxiety disorders are associated with reduced heart rate variability: a meta-analysis, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 5, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00080
  • Crow, A. J. D. (2019). Associations Between Neuroticism and Executive Function Outcomes: Response Inhibition and Sustained Attention on a Continuous Performance Test. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 126(4), 623-638. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512519848221
  • Davis, C., Mogk, J. P. (1994). Some personality correlates of interest and excellence in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 25(2), 131-143
  • Dennis, A. P., Watkins, L., Calhoun, S. P., Oddone, A., Sherwood, A., Dennis, F. M., Rissling, B. M., Beckham, C. J. (2014). Posttraumatic stress, heart rate variability, and the mediating role of behavioral health risks. Psychosomatic Medicine, 76(8), 629-637. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000110
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  • Lehrer, P., Kaur, K., Sharma, A., Shah, K., Huseby, R., Bhavsar, J., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Heart rate variability biofeedback improves emotional and physical health and performance: A systematic review and meta analysis. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 45, 109-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-020-09466-z
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  • Mateo, M., Blasco-Lafarga, C., Martinez-Navarro, I., Guzman, J. F., Zabala, M. (2012). Heart rate variability and pre-competitive anxiety in BMX discipline. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112, 113-123. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-1962-8
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  • McKay, J., Niven, A. G., Lavallee, D., White, A. (2008). Sources of strain among elite UK track athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 22(2), 143–163. http://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.22.2.143
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  • Montano, N., Porta, A., Cogliati, C., Costantino, G., Tobaldini, E., Casali, K. R., & Iellamo, F. (2009). Heart rate variability explored in the frequency domain: a tool to investigate the link between heart and behavior. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 33(2), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.07.006
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  • Munoz, E., Stawski, R. S., Sliwinski, M. J., Smyth, J. M., & MacDonald, S. W. (2020). The ups and downs of cognitive function: neuroticism and negative affect drive performance inconsistency. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 75(2), 263-273. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby032
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Nevrotikliğin Üniversite Öğrencisi Sporcularda Mental Stresin Neden Olduğu Otonomik Kardiyak Yanıtlar Üzerindekı̇ Etkisı̇

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1-Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı, 630 - 640, 29.10.2023

Erman Doğan

https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1364190

Abstract

Bu çalışmada; nevrotikliğin, sporcuların mantal stresöre maruz kaldıklarında, otonom sinir ve kardiyovasküler sistemler arasındaki etkileşimin sonucu olarak gerçekleşen Kalp Atım Hızı Değişkenliğini (KHD) öngörme yeteneğine sahip olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Örneklem, yaşları 19 ila 24 arasında olan 49 üniversite öğrencisi sporcudan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılar ilk olarak nevrotikliği ölçmek için Beş Faktör Kişilik Envanterinden nevrotikliğe ilişkin maddeleri doldurdular. Daha sonra istirahat halindeki KHD'leri dört dakika boyunca kayıt altına alındı. Daha sonra katılımcılar, KHD yanıtları kaydedilirken dört dakika içinde zihinsel stresör olarak Stroop kelime-renk görevinin düzenlenmiş bir versiyonunu uyguladılar. Sonuçlar; Kalp Atım Hızı (KH) (z= 3.162, p= .002), Ardışık NN Aralıkları Farklarının Ortalamalarının Kare Kökü’nün (AFOKK) (z= 2.973, p= .003), Düşük Frekans (DF) (z= 3,027, p= 0,002) ve Yüksek Frekans (YF) (z= 3,404, p= 0,001) açısından düşük nevrotiklik grubunda istirahat durumundan zihinsel stresör koşuluna kadar anlamlı bir artış olduğunu gösterdi. Öte yandan yüksek nevrotiklik grubunda AFOKK (z= 1,314, p= 0,189) ve DF (z= 1,173, p= 0,241) değerlerinde istirahat durumundan zihinsel stresör koşuluna kadar anlamlı bir artış gözlenmedi. Sonuçlar aynı zamanda yüksek nevrotiklik grubunda KH (z= 2,543, p= 0,011) ve YF (z= 2,229, p= 0,026) açısından da istirahat durumundan zihinsel stresör koşuluna kadar anlamlı bir artış olduğunu ortaya koydu. Bu çalışmada gözlemlenen sonuçlar, sporcuların mental strese verdikleri tepkilerin kişilik özelliklerine, özellikle nevrotikliğe bağlı olarak değişebileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, sporcuların strese karşı psikofizyolojik tepkilerini düzenlemeyi amaçlayan araştırmacı ve uygulayıcıların nevrotiklik gibi kişilik özelliklerini dikkate almaları gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Nevrotiklik Stroop Testi KHD

References

  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Towards a unifying theory of behavior change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
  • Barlow, M., Woodman, T., Gorgulu, R., Voyzey, R. (2016). Ironic effects of performance are worse for neurotics. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 24, 27-37. http://doi.org/10,1016/j.psychsport.2015.12.005
  • Binboga, E., Guven, S., Catikkas, F., Bayazit, O., Tok, S. (2012). Psychophysiological responses to competition and the big five personality traits. Journal of Human Kinetics, 33, 187-194. http://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0057-x
  • Bolger, N., Schilling, E. A. (1991). Personality and the problems of everyday life: The role of neuroticism in exposure and reactivity to daily stressors. Journal of Personality, 59(3), 355-386. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1991.tb00253.x
  • Bolger, N., Zuckerman, A. (1995). A framework for studying personality in the stress process. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 69(5), 890-902. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.890
  • Cervantes Blásquez, J. C., Rodas Font, G., & Capdevila Ortís, L. (2009). Heart-rate variability and precompetitive anxiety in swimmers. Psicothema, 21(4), 531–536.
  • Chalmers, A. J., Quintana, D., Abbott, A. J. M., Kemp, A. (2014). Anxiety disorders are associated with reduced heart rate variability: a meta-analysis, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 5, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00080
  • Crow, A. J. D. (2019). Associations Between Neuroticism and Executive Function Outcomes: Response Inhibition and Sustained Attention on a Continuous Performance Test. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 126(4), 623-638. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512519848221
  • Davis, C., Mogk, J. P. (1994). Some personality correlates of interest and excellence in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 25(2), 131-143
  • Dennis, A. P., Watkins, L., Calhoun, S. P., Oddone, A., Sherwood, A., Dennis, F. M., Rissling, B. M., Beckham, C. J. (2014). Posttraumatic stress, heart rate variability, and the mediating role of behavioral health risks. Psychosomatic Medicine, 76(8), 629-637. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000110
  • Dobson, P. (2000). Neuroticism, extraversion and cognitive test performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 8(3), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00140
  • Duffy, E. (1966). The nature and development of the concept of activation. In R.N. Haber (eds.). Current Research in Motivation, 278-281.
  • Eysenck, H. J. (1967). The biological basis of personality. Springfield, IL: Thomas.
  • Giacobbi, P., Foore, B., Weinberg, R. S. (2004). Broken clubs and expletives: The sources of stress and coping responses of skilled and moderately skilled golfers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16(2), 166–182. http://doi.org/10.1080/10413200490437688
  • Forte, G., Favieri, F., & Casagrande, M. (2019). Heart rate variability and cognitive function: A systematic review. Frontiers in neuroscience, 13, 710. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00710
  • Gostimirovic, M., Novakovic, R., Rajkovic, J., Djokic, V., Terzic, D., Putnik, S., & Gojkovic-Bukarica, L. (2020). The influence of climate change on human cardiovascular function. Archives of environmental & occupational health, 75(7), 406-414. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2020.1742079
  • Hall, J.E. (1998). Pocket Companion to Guyton & Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1988). The ecology of stress. New York: Taylor & Francis.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513 - 524. http://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1998). Stress, culture, and community: The psychology and philosophy of stress. New York: Plenum.
  • Holt, N. L., Hogg, J. M. (2002). Perceptions of stress and coping during preparations for the 1999 women's soccer world cup final. The Sport Psychologist, 16(3), 251-271. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.16.3.251
  • Koch, C., Wilhelm, M., Salzmann, S., Rief, W., & Euteneuer, F. (2019). A meta-analysis of heart rate variability in major depression. Psychological Medicine, 49(12), 1948-1957. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719001351
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
  • Lehrer, P., Kaur, K., Sharma, A., Shah, K., Huseby, R., Bhavsar, J., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Heart rate variability biofeedback improves emotional and physical health and performance: A systematic review and meta analysis. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 45, 109-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-020-09466-z
  • Malik, M. (1996). Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use: Task force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society for Pacing and Electrophysiology. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, 1(2), 151-181.
  • Malliani, A., Pagani, M., Lombardi, F., & Cerutti, S. (1991). Cardiovascular neural regulation explored in the frequency domain. Circulation, 84(2), 482–492. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.84.2.482
  • Mateo, M., Blasco-Lafarga, C., Martinez-Navarro, I., Guzman, J. F., Zabala, M. (2012). Heart rate variability and pre-competitive anxiety in BMX discipline. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112, 113-123. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-1962-8
  • McGrath, J. E. (1970). A conceptual formulation for research on stress. Social and Psychological Factors in Stress, 10, 21.
  • McKay, J., Niven, A. G., Lavallee, D., White, A. (2008). Sources of strain among elite UK track athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 22(2), 143–163. http://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.22.2.143
  • Miu, A. C., Heilman, R. M., & Miclea, M. (2009). Reduced heart rate variability and vagal tone in anxiety: Trait versus state, and the effects of autogenic training. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, 145(1–2), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2008.11.010
  • Montano, N., Porta, A., Cogliati, C., Costantino, G., Tobaldini, E., Casali, K. R., & Iellamo, F. (2009). Heart rate variability explored in the frequency domain: a tool to investigate the link between heart and behavior. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 33(2), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.07.006
  • Morales, J., Alamo, J. M., Garcia-Masso, X., Busca, B., Lopez, J. L., Serra-Ano P., Gonzalez L. M. (2014). Use of heart rate variability in monitoring stress and recovery in judo athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(7), 1896-1905. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000328
  • Munoz, E., Stawski, R. S., Sliwinski, M. J., Smyth, J. M., & MacDonald, S. W. (2020). The ups and downs of cognitive function: neuroticism and negative affect drive performance inconsistency. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 75(2), 263-273. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby032
  • Murray, N. P., Raedeke, T. D. (2008). Heart rate variability as an indicator of pre-competitive arousal. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 39(4), 346-355
  • Oh, B. S., Yeo, Y. K., Wan, F. Y., Wen, Y., Yang, Y., & Lin, Z. (2015). Effects of noisy sounds on human stress using ECG signals: an empirical study. In 2015 10th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing (pp. 1-4). http://doi.org/10.1109/ICICS.2015.7459852
  • Ormel, J., Wohlfarth, T. (1991). How neuroticism, long-term difficulties, and life situations change influence psychological distress: A longitudinal model. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 60(5), 744-755. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.5.744
  • O'Sullivan, D. M., Zuckerman, M., & Kraft, M. (1998). Personality characteristics of male and female participants in team sports. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(1), 119-128. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00036-1
  • Pagani, M., Lombardi, F., Guzzetti, S., Rimoldi, O., Furlan, R., Pizzinelli, P., Sandrone, G., Malfatto, G., Dell’Orto, S., & Piccaluga, E. (1986). Power spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial pressure variabilities as a marker of sympatho-vagal interaction in man and conscious dog. Circulation Research, 59(2), 178–193. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.59.2.178
  • Pizzoli, S. F., Marzorati, C., Gatti, D., Monzani, D., Mazzocco, K., & Pravettoni, G. (2021). A meta-analysis on heart rate variability biofeedback and depressive symptoms. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 6650. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86149-7
  • Rees, T., Hardy, L. (2004). Matching social support with stressors: Effects on factors underlying performance in tennis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5(3), 319–337. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(03)00018-9
  • Reisman, S. (1997). Measurement of physiological stress. In Proceedings of the IEEE 23rd Northeast Bioengineering Conference (pp. 21-23). https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBC.1997.594939
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Exercise and Sports Psychology
Journal Section Arşiv
Authors

Erman Doğan 0000-0002-3214-0978

Early Pub Date October 23, 2023
Publication Date October 29, 2023
Submission Date September 22, 2023
Acceptance Date October 10, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1-Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı

Cite

APA Doğan, E. (2023). The Effect of Neuroticism on Autonomic Cardiac Responses Caused by Mental Stress in University Student-Athletes. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1-Cumhuriyet’in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı), 630-640. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1364190
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