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Toplumsal eşitsizliklerden dijital eşitsizliklere: Eskişehir, Türkiye’deki yoksulların yeni medya kullanımı

Year 2022, Issue: 63, 151 - 178, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1130969

Abstract

Dijital eşitsizlikler sorununa odaklanılan bu çalışmada, yeni medyaya sahip olma durumunun ve onları kullanma becerilerinin yaş, toplumsal cinsiyet ve sosyo-ekonomik statüden nasıl etkilendiği Eskişehir’de yaşayan yoksul bireyler örneğinde incelenmiştir. 415 anket ve 39 yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşüşmeye dayanan karma desenli bu araştırma, insanların çoğunluğunun yoksulluk yaşadığı Emek, Gündoğdu ve Sevinç mahallelerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nicel yöntem, dijital eşitsizliğe ilişkin araştırmalarda, sorunun erişim ve sahiplik boyutunun ortaya konulabilmesi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, nitel veriler ile nicel verilerin çizdiği genel çerçeve tamamlanmaya ve toplumsal eşitsizliklerin çevrimiçi davranışlara nasıl yansıdığı yoksullar örnekleminde ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Dolayısıyla, Türkiye’deki dijital eşitsizlikler alanyazınına hem yöntemsel açıdan hem de örneklem alanı itibarıyla katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, ikinci düzey ve üçüncü düzey dijital eşitsizliklerin hem çevrimdışı yaşamdaki eşitsizliklerden beslendiğini hem de onları beslediğini göstermektedir. Yeni medya, düşük

eğitim düzeyi ve ekonomik kısıtlılıkların ördüğü duvarların aşılabilmesi noktasında önemli bir işlev görmektedir. Buna karşın sosyo-ekonomik statü, yeni medyaya yönelik düşünceleri; onları kullanma becerileri ve pratiklerini; onları kullanmakla kazanılan faydaların niteliğini etkilemektedir. Eğitim hayatının çok erken yaşta terk edildiği, genç yaşta evliliğin yaygın olduğu ve yoksulluğun hâkim olduğu bu örneklemde, dijital eşitsizliklerin toplumsal kökenle ilişkisi net bir şekilde kendini göstermektedir.

Supporting Institution

Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

1706E361

References

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From social to digital inequalities: The use of new media by the poor in Eskişehir, Turkey

Year 2022, Issue: 63, 151 - 178, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1130969

Abstract

This study focuses on the problem of digital inequalities and examines how having new media and the ability to use it are affected by age, gender, and socio-economic status over a sample of individuals living in Eskişehir where high levels of social deprivation can be found. This mixed-design study, based its data 415 questionnaires and 39 semi-structured interviews and was conducted in Eskişehir’s Emek, Gündoğdu, and Sevinç neighborhoods, where most residents experience poverty. Quantitative methods are highly important in terms of revealing the accessibility and ownership aspects of the issue in studies on digital inequality. The study will attempt to use qualitative data to complete the general framework drawn by the quantitative data and present how social inequalities are reflect in online attitudes within the sample of the poor. Thus, the study aims to contribute to the literature on digital inequalities both in terms of methodology and sample. The results of the study show that second-level and third-level digital inequalities are both feed by inequalities in offline life and also feed them. New media play an important role in overcoming the walls built by low educational levels and economic constraints. On the other hand, socio-economic status affects thoughts about digital media, the skills and practices of using them, and the quality of the benefits gained by using them. This sample includes people who abandoned education at a very early age, and in this sample, marriage at a young age is common and poverty prevails, with an evident relationship existing between digital inequalities and social origin.

Project Number

1706E361

References

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  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste (R. Nice, Trans.). Harvard University Press. Bourdieu, P. (1997). Toplumbilim sorunları (I. Ergüden, Trans.). Kesit Yayıncılık.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1998). Practical reason: On the theory of action. (R. Johnson, Trans.). Stanford University Press. Calderón Gómez, D. (2020). The third digital divide and Bourdieu: Bidirectional conversion of economic, cultural, and social capital to (and from) digital capital among young people in Madrid. New Media & Society, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820933252
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  • Cotten, S. R., Davison, E., Shank, D. & Ward, B. (2014). Gradations of disappearing digital divides among racially diverse middle school students. In Communication and Information Technologies Annual Doing and Being Digital: Mediated Childhoods (Studies in Media and Communication, Vol. 8, pp. 25-54). Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2050-206020140000008017
  • DiMaggio, P., & Hargittai, E. (2001). From the ‘digital divide’ to ‘digital inequality’: Studying Internet use as penetration increases. Princeton: Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, 1-23. Retrieved December, 03, 2021 from https://culturalpolicy.princeton.edu/sites/ culturalpolicy/files/wp15_dimaggio_hargittai.pdf
  • DiMaggio, P., Hargittai, E., Celeste, C., & Shafer, S. (2004). Digital inequality: From unequal access to differentiated use. In K. Neckerman (Ed.), Social Inequality (pp. 355-400). New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Retrieved December, 03, 2021 from http://www.webuse.org/pdf/DiMaggioEtAl-DigitalInequality2004.pdf
  • Ergur, A., Yücel, H., Meissonnier, J., Pérouse, J.F., & Doğuş, S. (2009). Kentsel çevre bölgelerindeki gençlerin kimlik araçları olarak mekânla ilişkilenme, boş zaman değerlendirme ve teknoloji kullanımı (Project No. 106K223) TÜBİTAK Project. İstanbul.
  • Ergül, H., Gökalp, E., & Cangöz, İ. (2012). Medya ne ki… Her şey yalan! Kent yoksullarının gündelik yaşamında medya. İletişim Yayınları.
  • García-Mora, F. & Mora-Rivera, J. (2021). Exploring the impacts of Internet access on poverty: A regional analysis of rural Mexico. New Media & Society, OnlineFirst, https://doi.org/10.1177%2F14614448211000650
  • Gencel Bek, M. & Aygün, E. (2014). Eşitsizlik ve kimlik ekseninde gençler ve yeni medya. In M. Gencel Bek (Ed.), Medya, Çocukluk ve Gençlik (133-163). Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi.
  • Gökaliler, E. & Saatçioğlu, E. (2020). Sosyal büyük veri ekseninde kişisel gizlilik sorunsalı: Türkiye’de eğitimli ve kentli sosyal ağ kullanıcılarının gizlilik sorunlarına yaklaşımları. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 58, 133-167. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0085
  • Halford, S. & Savage M. (2010). Reconceptualizing digital social inequality. Information, Communication & Society, 13(7), 937-955. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2010.499956
  • Hargittai, E. (2002). Second-level digital divide: Differences in people’s online skills. First Monday, 7(4). https:// journals.uic.edu/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/942/864
  • Hargittai, E., and G. Walejko. (2008). The participation divide: Content creation and sharing in the digital age. Information, Communication & Society, 11(2), 239-256. doi:10.1080/13691180801946150.
  • Hoffman, D. L., Novak, T. P. & Schlosser, A. E. (2000). The evolution of the digital divide: How gaps in internet access may impact electronic commerce. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 5(3), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2000.tb00341.x
  • Internet World Stats. (2021). World internet usage and population statistics. Retrieved March, 09, 2022 from https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
  • Jackson, L. A., Barbatsis, G., von Eye, A., Biocca, F., Zhao, Y., & Fitzgerald, H. (2003). Internet use in low-income families: Implications for the digital divide. It&Society, 1(5), 141-165.
  • Jensen, R. (2007) The digital provide: Information (technology), market performance, and welfare in the south Indian fisheries sector. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(3), 879-924. https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.122.3.879 Jourdain, A. & Naulin, S. (2016). Pierre Bourdieu’nün kuramı ve sosyolojik kullanımları (Ö. Elitez, Trans.). İletişim Yayınları.
  • Jung, J.Y., Linchuan, Q. & Kim, Y-C., (2001). Internet connectedness and inequality: Beyond the “divide”. Communication Research, 28, 507-535. doi: 10.1177/009365001028004006.
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There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tuba Sütlüoğlu 0000-0003-0044-2936

Emre Gökalp 0000-0002-6024-9321

Project Number 1706E361
Publication Date December 30, 2022
Submission Date June 14, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 63

Cite

APA Sütlüoğlu, T., & Gökalp, E. (2022). From social to digital inequalities: The use of new media by the poor in Eskişehir, Turkey. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences(63), 151-178. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1130969
AMA Sütlüoğlu T, Gökalp E. From social to digital inequalities: The use of new media by the poor in Eskişehir, Turkey. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. December 2022;(63):151-178. doi:10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1130969
Chicago Sütlüoğlu, Tuba, and Emre Gökalp. “From Social to Digital Inequalities: The Use of New Media by the Poor in Eskişehir, Turkey”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 63 (December 2022): 151-78. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1130969.
EndNote Sütlüoğlu T, Gökalp E (December 1, 2022) From social to digital inequalities: The use of new media by the poor in Eskişehir, Turkey. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 63 151–178.
IEEE T. Sütlüoğlu and E. Gökalp, “From social to digital inequalities: The use of new media by the poor in Eskişehir, Turkey”, Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 63, pp. 151–178, December 2022, doi: 10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1130969.
ISNAD Sütlüoğlu, Tuba - Gökalp, Emre. “From Social to Digital Inequalities: The Use of New Media by the Poor in Eskişehir, Turkey”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 63 (December 2022), 151-178. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1130969.
JAMA Sütlüoğlu T, Gökalp E. From social to digital inequalities: The use of new media by the poor in Eskişehir, Turkey. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. 2022;:151–178.
MLA Sütlüoğlu, Tuba and Emre Gökalp. “From Social to Digital Inequalities: The Use of New Media by the Poor in Eskişehir, Turkey”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 63, 2022, pp. 151-78, doi:10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1130969.
Vancouver Sütlüoğlu T, Gökalp E. From social to digital inequalities: The use of new media by the poor in Eskişehir, Turkey. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. 2022(63):151-78.