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Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocukların Öykülerinin Bağlanma Kuramına göre Niteliksel Değerlendirmesi

Year 2014, Volume: 34 Issue: 1, 23 - 43, 09.07.2014

Abstract

Bu çalışmada amaç, farklı kültürlerden gelen çocukların anlattıkları öykülerin içeriğinin
belirlenmesi ve bağlanma stillerine göre değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma
grubunu 44 çocuk oluşturmaktadır. Bu çocuklardan 20’si Fransız ve 24’ü Türk uyruğundandır.
Çocukların demografik özelliklerine bakıldığında araştırmada 22 kız ve 22 erkek
çocuk yer almıştır. Araştırmanın verileri 2011-2012 öğretim yılında Besançon-Fransa ve
Ankara-Türkiye’de toplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanması amacıyla araştırmacı tarafından çocuklara
bireysel olarak uygulanan Bağlanma Öykü Tamamlama Testi (BÖTT) kullanılmıştır.
Verilerin analizinde nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın
bulgularına göre Türk ve Fransız çocukların öykü içeriklerinin benzerlik gösterdiği
görülmektedir. Öykü içerikleri değerlendirilerek ilgili alan yazın ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Okul öncesi, bağlanma temsili, öykü

References

  • Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M., Waters, E. & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, N. J.: Erlbaum Inc.
  • Bowlby, J. (1999). L’Attachement. Attachement Et Perte. (Traduire. J. Kalmanovitch). Paris : PUF.
  • Bowlby, J. (2011). Le Lien, La Psychanalyse et L’art D’être Parent. (Traduire:Y. Wiart,). Paris: A. Michel
  • Bretherton, I., Ridgeway, D., & Cassidy, J. (1990). Assessing Internal Working Models of the Attachment Relationship: An Attachment Story Completion Task For 3-YearOlds. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the Preschool Years: Theory, Research, and Intervention (273-308). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Cassidy, J., & Berlin, L. J. (1994). The Insecure/Ambivalent Pattern of Attachment: Theory and Research. Child Development, 65, 971–991.
  • Cassidy, J., Kirsh, S. J., Scolton, K. L. & Parke, R. D. (1996). Attachment and Representations of Peer Relationships. Developmental Psychology, 32, 892–904.
  • Crittenden, P. M. (1990). Internal Representational Models of Attachment Theory. Infant Mental Health Journal, 11, 259–277.
  • Çalışır, M. (2008). Bağlanma temsilleri ile Depresif Belirtiler Arasındaki İlişki: Güvenli Yer Senaryoları ve Erken Dönem İlişkisel Temalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Dennis, T. A., Cole, P. M., Zahn-Waxler, C., & Mizuta, I. (2002). Self in Context: Autonomy and Relatedness in Japanese and U.S. Mother-Preschooler Dyads. Child Development, 73, 1803-1817.
  • Dennis, T. A.; Talih, M.; Cole, P. M.; Zahn-Waxler, C., & Mizuta, I. (2007). The Socialization of Autonomy and Relatedness : Sequential Verbal Exchanges in Japanese and U.S. Mother --Preschooler Dyads. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38, 729 -749. Gilissen, R., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H. and Linting, M. (2008). Electrodermal Reactivity During the Trier Social Stress Test for Children: Interaction between the Serotonin Transporter Polymorphism and Children’s Attachment Representation. Dev. Psychobiology., 50, 615–625.
  • Gloger-Tippel, G.; König, L.& Lahl. O. (2008). Représentations d’Attachement Évaluées avec les Histoires à Compléter et Troubles du Comportement Chez des Enfants de 6 Ans. Enfance, 60/1,42-50.
  • Goldwyn, R., Stanley, C., Smith, V., & Green, J. (2000). The Manchester Child Attachment Story Task: Relationship with Parental AAI, SAT and Child Behaviour. Attachment and Human Development, 2, 71-84.
  • Goodman, G.; Aber, J. L.; Berlin, L. & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1998). The Relations between Maternal Behaviors and Urban Preschool Children’s Internal Working Models of Attachment Security. Infant Ment. Health J., 19, 378–393.
  • Green, J., Stanley, C., Smith, V., & Goldwyn, R. (2000). A New Method of Evaluating Attachment Representations in Young School-Age Children: The Manchester Child Attachment Story Task. Attachment and Human Development, 2, 48-70.
  • Greig, A. and Howe, D. (2001). Social Understanding, Attachment Security of Preschool Children and Maternal Mental Health. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19, 381–393.
  • Grossmann K.E. & Grossmann K. (1990). The Wider Concept of Attachment in CrossCultural Research. Human Development, 33, 31–47.
  • Grossmann, K. E. & Grossmann, K. (1998). Développement de l’Attachement et Adaptation Psychologique du Berceau au Tombeau. Enfance, 51/3, 44-68.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations.Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications.
  • İmamoğlu, E. O. (2003). Individuation and Relatedness: Not Opposing but Distinct and Complementary. Genetic Soc Gen Psychol Monographs, 129/4, 367 402.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2012). Benlik, Aile ve İnsan Gelişimi: Kültürel Psikoloji. İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yay.
  • Karadayı, F. (1998). İlişkili Özerklik: Kavramı, Ölçülmesi, Gelişimi ve Toplumsal Önemi, Gençlere ve Kültüre Özgü Değerlendirmeler. Çukurova Üniversitesi Basımevi, Adana. Laible, D.; Carlo, G.; Torquati, J. & Ontai. L. (2004). Children’s Perceptions of Family Relationships as Assessed in a Doll Story Completion Task: Links to Parenting, Social Competence, and Externalizing Behavior. Social Development, 13/4, 551–569.
  • Leiva, F. M., Montoro, R. & Martinez, T. L. (2006). Assesment of Interjudge Reliability in the Open‐Ended Questions Coding Process. Quality & Quantity, 40, 519‐537.
  • Lourenco, O. (2003). Making Sense of Turiel’s Dispute with Kohlberg: The Case of the Child’s Moral Competence. New Ideas in Psychology, 21, 43–68.
  • Maas, F. K. & Abbeduto, L. (2001). Children’s Judgements about Intentionally and Unintentionally Broken Promises . Journal of Child Language, 28, 517-529.
  • Main, M. & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for Indentifying Infants as Disorganized: Disoriented During the Ainsworth Strange Situation. In Attachment in the Preschool Years, Greenberg MT, Cicchetti, D., Cummings EM (Eds). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Markus, H.R. & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation. Psychol Rev, 98, 224–253.
  • Marvin, R. S., & Britner, P. A. (1999). Normative development: The ontogeny of attachment. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 44-67). New York: Guilford.
  • Mikulincer, M. & Arad, D. (1999). Attachment Working Models and Cognitive Openness in Close Relationships: A Test of Chronic and Temporary Accessibility Effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 710–725.
  • Miljkovitch, R.; Pierrehumbert, B.; Bretherton, I. & Halfon, O. (2004). Associations between Parental and Child Attachment Representations. Attachment & Human Development, 6/3, 305-325.
  • Mizuta, I., Zahn-Waxler, C.,Cole, P. M. & Hiruma, N. (1996). A Cross-Cultural Study of Preschoolers’ Attachment: Security and Sensitivity in Japanese and US Dyads. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 19, 141-159.
  • Ooi, Y. P., Ang, R. P., Fung, D. S. S., Wong G. & Cai, Y. (2006). Self-Esteem the Impact of Parent–Child Attachment on Aggression, Social Stress and Self-Esteem. School Psychology International, 27/5, 552-566.
  • Page, T. & Bretherton, I. (2001). Mother and Father Child Attachment Themes in the Story Completions of Preschoolers from Post-divorce Families: Do They Predict Relationships with Peers and Teachers. Attachment & Human Development, 3/1, 1-29.
  • Poehlmann, J. (2005). Representations of Attachment Relationships in Children of Incarcerated Mothers. Child Development, 76, 679–696.
  • Rothbaum, F., & Morelli, G. (2005). Attachment and Culture: Bridging Relativism and Universalism. In W. Friedlmeier, P. Chakkarath, & B. Schwarz (Eds.), Culture and Human Development: The Importance of Cross-Cultural Research to the Social Sciences. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
  • Sampson, E.E. (2000). Reinterpreting Individualism and Collectivism. Am. Psychologist , 55, 1425–1432.
  • Sroufe, L.A., Egeland, B., & Carlson, E. (1999). One Social World: The Integrated Development of Parent–Child and Peer Relationships. In W.A. Collins & B. Laursen (Eds.), Relationships as Developmental Context. Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology, 30, 241-262. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Steele, M.; Hodges, J.; Kaniuk, J.; Hillman, S. & Henderson, K. (2003). Attachment Representations and Adoption: Associations between Maternal States of Mind and Emotion Narratives in Previously Maltreated Children. Journal of Child Psychotherapy , 29/2, 187-205.
  • Steen, M. & Goussé, V. (2011). La Réussite Scolaire des Jeunes Enfants Issus de Milieux Défavorises: Les Impacts de l’Attachement et des Processus d’Autorégulation. (C. Z. Gaudron, Ed.) Précarités et Éducation Familiale. Toulouse: Editions Eres.
  • Trapolini, T., Ungerer, J. A. and McMahon, C. A. (2007). Maternal Depression and Children’s Attachment Representations During the Preschool Years. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 25, 247–261.
  • Trawick-Smith, J. (2013). Early Childhood Development: A Multicultural Perspective. (Erken Çocukluk Döneminde Gelişim: Çok Kültürlü Bir Bakış Açısı) B. Akman (Çeviri Ed.), Ankara: Nobel Yay.
  • Türköz, Y. (2007). Okul öncesi Çocuklarda Bağlanma Örüntüsünün Kişiler Arası Problem Çözme ve Açık Bellek Süreçlerine Etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi .
  • Uluç, S. (2005). Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Benliğe İlişkin İnançlar, Kişilerarası Şemalar ve Bağlanma İlişkisinin Temsilleri Arasındaki İlişki: Ebeveynlerin Kişilerarası Şemalarının ve Bağlanma Modellerinin Etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Uluç, S. ve Öktem. F. (2009). Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Güvenli Yer Senaryolarının Değerlendirilmesi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 24/63, 69-83.
  • Uluç, S. ve Öktem. F. (2010). Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Güvenli Yer Senaryoları ve Kişilerarası Beklentiler Arasındaki İlişkiler. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 17 /3,139-147.
  • Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Schuengel, C., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. (1999). Disorganized Attachment in Early Childhood: Meta-Analysis of Precursors, Concomitants and Sequelae. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 225-249.
  • Verschueren, K. & Marcoen, A. (1999). Representation of Self and Socioemotional Competence in Kindergartners: Differential and Combined Effects of Attachment to Mother and to Father. Child Development, 70,183–201.
  • Waters, E. & Cummings, M. (2000). A secure base from which to explore relationships. Child Development, 71, 164-172.
  • Waters, H. S. & Waters, E. (2006). The attachment working models concept: Among other things, we build scriptlike representations of secure base experiences. Attachment &Human Development, 8, 185-197.

Qualitative Evaluation of Content of the Stories Told by Preschool Children’s according to Attachment Theory

Year 2014, Volume: 34 Issue: 1, 23 - 43, 09.07.2014

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the content of the stories told by children from different cultures, to evaluate stories based on secure-insecure attachment style. The participants of this study are 44 children, i.e. 20 French and 24 Turkish children and 22 children were female and 22 were male. The data were collected from Besancon, France and Ankara, Turkey in the academic year 2011-2012. Attachment Story Completion Task was used for data collecting. The researcher carried out the Attachment Story Completion Task procedure with children. Content Analysis was used for data analysis. According to the findings of the study, Turkish and French children is similar to the story content. The contents of the stories has been evaluated and discussed with literature.

References

  • Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M., Waters, E. & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, N. J.: Erlbaum Inc.
  • Bowlby, J. (1999). L’Attachement. Attachement Et Perte. (Traduire. J. Kalmanovitch). Paris : PUF.
  • Bowlby, J. (2011). Le Lien, La Psychanalyse et L’art D’être Parent. (Traduire:Y. Wiart,). Paris: A. Michel
  • Bretherton, I., Ridgeway, D., & Cassidy, J. (1990). Assessing Internal Working Models of the Attachment Relationship: An Attachment Story Completion Task For 3-YearOlds. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the Preschool Years: Theory, Research, and Intervention (273-308). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Cassidy, J., & Berlin, L. J. (1994). The Insecure/Ambivalent Pattern of Attachment: Theory and Research. Child Development, 65, 971–991.
  • Cassidy, J., Kirsh, S. J., Scolton, K. L. & Parke, R. D. (1996). Attachment and Representations of Peer Relationships. Developmental Psychology, 32, 892–904.
  • Crittenden, P. M. (1990). Internal Representational Models of Attachment Theory. Infant Mental Health Journal, 11, 259–277.
  • Çalışır, M. (2008). Bağlanma temsilleri ile Depresif Belirtiler Arasındaki İlişki: Güvenli Yer Senaryoları ve Erken Dönem İlişkisel Temalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Dennis, T. A., Cole, P. M., Zahn-Waxler, C., & Mizuta, I. (2002). Self in Context: Autonomy and Relatedness in Japanese and U.S. Mother-Preschooler Dyads. Child Development, 73, 1803-1817.
  • Dennis, T. A.; Talih, M.; Cole, P. M.; Zahn-Waxler, C., & Mizuta, I. (2007). The Socialization of Autonomy and Relatedness : Sequential Verbal Exchanges in Japanese and U.S. Mother --Preschooler Dyads. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38, 729 -749. Gilissen, R., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H. and Linting, M. (2008). Electrodermal Reactivity During the Trier Social Stress Test for Children: Interaction between the Serotonin Transporter Polymorphism and Children’s Attachment Representation. Dev. Psychobiology., 50, 615–625.
  • Gloger-Tippel, G.; König, L.& Lahl. O. (2008). Représentations d’Attachement Évaluées avec les Histoires à Compléter et Troubles du Comportement Chez des Enfants de 6 Ans. Enfance, 60/1,42-50.
  • Goldwyn, R., Stanley, C., Smith, V., & Green, J. (2000). The Manchester Child Attachment Story Task: Relationship with Parental AAI, SAT and Child Behaviour. Attachment and Human Development, 2, 71-84.
  • Goodman, G.; Aber, J. L.; Berlin, L. & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1998). The Relations between Maternal Behaviors and Urban Preschool Children’s Internal Working Models of Attachment Security. Infant Ment. Health J., 19, 378–393.
  • Green, J., Stanley, C., Smith, V., & Goldwyn, R. (2000). A New Method of Evaluating Attachment Representations in Young School-Age Children: The Manchester Child Attachment Story Task. Attachment and Human Development, 2, 48-70.
  • Greig, A. and Howe, D. (2001). Social Understanding, Attachment Security of Preschool Children and Maternal Mental Health. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19, 381–393.
  • Grossmann K.E. & Grossmann K. (1990). The Wider Concept of Attachment in CrossCultural Research. Human Development, 33, 31–47.
  • Grossmann, K. E. & Grossmann, K. (1998). Développement de l’Attachement et Adaptation Psychologique du Berceau au Tombeau. Enfance, 51/3, 44-68.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations.Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications.
  • İmamoğlu, E. O. (2003). Individuation and Relatedness: Not Opposing but Distinct and Complementary. Genetic Soc Gen Psychol Monographs, 129/4, 367 402.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2012). Benlik, Aile ve İnsan Gelişimi: Kültürel Psikoloji. İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yay.
  • Karadayı, F. (1998). İlişkili Özerklik: Kavramı, Ölçülmesi, Gelişimi ve Toplumsal Önemi, Gençlere ve Kültüre Özgü Değerlendirmeler. Çukurova Üniversitesi Basımevi, Adana. Laible, D.; Carlo, G.; Torquati, J. & Ontai. L. (2004). Children’s Perceptions of Family Relationships as Assessed in a Doll Story Completion Task: Links to Parenting, Social Competence, and Externalizing Behavior. Social Development, 13/4, 551–569.
  • Leiva, F. M., Montoro, R. & Martinez, T. L. (2006). Assesment of Interjudge Reliability in the Open‐Ended Questions Coding Process. Quality & Quantity, 40, 519‐537.
  • Lourenco, O. (2003). Making Sense of Turiel’s Dispute with Kohlberg: The Case of the Child’s Moral Competence. New Ideas in Psychology, 21, 43–68.
  • Maas, F. K. & Abbeduto, L. (2001). Children’s Judgements about Intentionally and Unintentionally Broken Promises . Journal of Child Language, 28, 517-529.
  • Main, M. & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for Indentifying Infants as Disorganized: Disoriented During the Ainsworth Strange Situation. In Attachment in the Preschool Years, Greenberg MT, Cicchetti, D., Cummings EM (Eds). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Markus, H.R. & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation. Psychol Rev, 98, 224–253.
  • Marvin, R. S., & Britner, P. A. (1999). Normative development: The ontogeny of attachment. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 44-67). New York: Guilford.
  • Mikulincer, M. & Arad, D. (1999). Attachment Working Models and Cognitive Openness in Close Relationships: A Test of Chronic and Temporary Accessibility Effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 710–725.
  • Miljkovitch, R.; Pierrehumbert, B.; Bretherton, I. & Halfon, O. (2004). Associations between Parental and Child Attachment Representations. Attachment & Human Development, 6/3, 305-325.
  • Mizuta, I., Zahn-Waxler, C.,Cole, P. M. & Hiruma, N. (1996). A Cross-Cultural Study of Preschoolers’ Attachment: Security and Sensitivity in Japanese and US Dyads. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 19, 141-159.
  • Ooi, Y. P., Ang, R. P., Fung, D. S. S., Wong G. & Cai, Y. (2006). Self-Esteem the Impact of Parent–Child Attachment on Aggression, Social Stress and Self-Esteem. School Psychology International, 27/5, 552-566.
  • Page, T. & Bretherton, I. (2001). Mother and Father Child Attachment Themes in the Story Completions of Preschoolers from Post-divorce Families: Do They Predict Relationships with Peers and Teachers. Attachment & Human Development, 3/1, 1-29.
  • Poehlmann, J. (2005). Representations of Attachment Relationships in Children of Incarcerated Mothers. Child Development, 76, 679–696.
  • Rothbaum, F., & Morelli, G. (2005). Attachment and Culture: Bridging Relativism and Universalism. In W. Friedlmeier, P. Chakkarath, & B. Schwarz (Eds.), Culture and Human Development: The Importance of Cross-Cultural Research to the Social Sciences. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
  • Sampson, E.E. (2000). Reinterpreting Individualism and Collectivism. Am. Psychologist , 55, 1425–1432.
  • Sroufe, L.A., Egeland, B., & Carlson, E. (1999). One Social World: The Integrated Development of Parent–Child and Peer Relationships. In W.A. Collins & B. Laursen (Eds.), Relationships as Developmental Context. Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology, 30, 241-262. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Steele, M.; Hodges, J.; Kaniuk, J.; Hillman, S. & Henderson, K. (2003). Attachment Representations and Adoption: Associations between Maternal States of Mind and Emotion Narratives in Previously Maltreated Children. Journal of Child Psychotherapy , 29/2, 187-205.
  • Steen, M. & Goussé, V. (2011). La Réussite Scolaire des Jeunes Enfants Issus de Milieux Défavorises: Les Impacts de l’Attachement et des Processus d’Autorégulation. (C. Z. Gaudron, Ed.) Précarités et Éducation Familiale. Toulouse: Editions Eres.
  • Trapolini, T., Ungerer, J. A. and McMahon, C. A. (2007). Maternal Depression and Children’s Attachment Representations During the Preschool Years. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 25, 247–261.
  • Trawick-Smith, J. (2013). Early Childhood Development: A Multicultural Perspective. (Erken Çocukluk Döneminde Gelişim: Çok Kültürlü Bir Bakış Açısı) B. Akman (Çeviri Ed.), Ankara: Nobel Yay.
  • Türköz, Y. (2007). Okul öncesi Çocuklarda Bağlanma Örüntüsünün Kişiler Arası Problem Çözme ve Açık Bellek Süreçlerine Etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi .
  • Uluç, S. (2005). Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Benliğe İlişkin İnançlar, Kişilerarası Şemalar ve Bağlanma İlişkisinin Temsilleri Arasındaki İlişki: Ebeveynlerin Kişilerarası Şemalarının ve Bağlanma Modellerinin Etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Uluç, S. ve Öktem. F. (2009). Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Güvenli Yer Senaryolarının Değerlendirilmesi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 24/63, 69-83.
  • Uluç, S. ve Öktem. F. (2010). Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Güvenli Yer Senaryoları ve Kişilerarası Beklentiler Arasındaki İlişkiler. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 17 /3,139-147.
  • Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Schuengel, C., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. (1999). Disorganized Attachment in Early Childhood: Meta-Analysis of Precursors, Concomitants and Sequelae. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 225-249.
  • Verschueren, K. & Marcoen, A. (1999). Representation of Self and Socioemotional Competence in Kindergartners: Differential and Combined Effects of Attachment to Mother and to Father. Child Development, 70,183–201.
  • Waters, E. & Cummings, M. (2000). A secure base from which to explore relationships. Child Development, 71, 164-172.
  • Waters, H. S. & Waters, E. (2006). The attachment working models concept: Among other things, we build scriptlike representations of secure base experiences. Attachment &Human Development, 8, 185-197.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ege Akgün

Denis Mellier This is me

Publication Date July 9, 2014
Submission Date July 9, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 34 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akgün, E., & Mellier, D. (2014). Qualitative Evaluation of Content of the Stories Told by Preschool Children’s according to Attachment Theory. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 34(1), 23-43.
AMA Akgün E, Mellier D. Qualitative Evaluation of Content of the Stories Told by Preschool Children’s according to Attachment Theory. Psikoloji Çalışmaları. June 2014;34(1):23-43.
Chicago Akgün, Ege, and Denis Mellier. “Qualitative Evaluation of Content of the Stories Told by Preschool Children’s According to Attachment Theory”. Psikoloji Çalışmaları 34, no. 1 (June 2014): 23-43.
EndNote Akgün E, Mellier D (June 1, 2014) Qualitative Evaluation of Content of the Stories Told by Preschool Children’s according to Attachment Theory. Psikoloji Çalışmaları 34 1 23–43.
IEEE E. Akgün and D. Mellier, “Qualitative Evaluation of Content of the Stories Told by Preschool Children’s according to Attachment Theory”, Psikoloji Çalışmaları, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 23–43, 2014.
ISNAD Akgün, Ege - Mellier, Denis. “Qualitative Evaluation of Content of the Stories Told by Preschool Children’s According to Attachment Theory”. Psikoloji Çalışmaları 34/1 (June 2014), 23-43.
JAMA Akgün E, Mellier D. Qualitative Evaluation of Content of the Stories Told by Preschool Children’s according to Attachment Theory. Psikoloji Çalışmaları. 2014;34:23–43.
MLA Akgün, Ege and Denis Mellier. “Qualitative Evaluation of Content of the Stories Told by Preschool Children’s According to Attachment Theory”. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, vol. 34, no. 1, 2014, pp. 23-43.
Vancouver Akgün E, Mellier D. Qualitative Evaluation of Content of the Stories Told by Preschool Children’s according to Attachment Theory. Psikoloji Çalışmaları. 2014;34(1):23-4.

Psikoloji Çalışmaları / Studies In Psychology / ISSN- 1304-4680