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Aşı Karşıtlığının Bilişsel Çelişki Kuramı Bağlamında İncelenmesi: Deneysel Bir Çalışma

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 18, 114 - 130, 07.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.54709/jobesam.1301893

Abstract

Bireyler, sosyal medya araçlarında karşıt görüşten olan fikirlere maruz kaldıklarında bilişsel çelişki yaşamaktadır. Bu araştırmada bilişsel çelişki kuramı, seçici maruz bırakma yöntemi ve COVID-19 aşısı ile ilgili yaşanılan gelişmeler göz önüne alınarak, bireylerin kendilerine aşı ile ilgili olumlu ya da olumsuz bir yönlendirme yapıldığında bilişsel çelişki yaşayıp yaşamayacakları, arama faaliyetlerinin oluşan bu çelişkiden nasıl etkileneceğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, basit rastlantısal örnekleme tekniği ile 18-25 yaş aralığındaki Mersin Üniversitesinde çeşitli fakültelerde öğrenim gören 56 lisans öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın bulguları; katılımcıların deney öncesi tutumları ile çelişen bilgilerle karşılaştıklarında bilişsel çelişki yaşadıklarını, katılımcıların pozitif veya negatif metin okumalarının aşı tutum düzeylerini etkilediğini, katılımcıların metin okuma öncesi aşı tutumlarının ve pozitif/negatif metin okuduktan sonraki duygudurumlarında farklılaşma olmadığı ve katılımcıların seçici maruz bırakma görevinde metin okumadan önceki aşı tutumlarına göre bilgi arama davranışı sergilediklerini göstermektedir

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Thanks

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References

  • Andre, F. E., Booy, R., Bock, H. L., Clemens, J., Datta, S. K., John, T. J., Lee, B. W., Lolekha, S., Peltola, H., Ruff, TA., ve Santosham, M. (2020). Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death, and inequity worldwide. Bulletin of the World health Organization. 86, 140-146.
  • Aydın, A., Araz, A., ve Aslan, A. (2011). Görsel analog ölçeği ve duygu kafesi: Kültürümüze uyarlama çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 14(27), 1-13.
  • Benis, A., Seidmann, A. ve Ashkenazi, S. (2021). Reasons for taking the covıd-19 vaccine by us social media users, Vaccines, 9(4), 315. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9040315
  • Brehm, J. W. (1956). Post decision changes in the desirability of alternatives. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52(3), 384–389. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0041006
  • Clay, J. (2013). World agriculture and the environment: A commodity-by-commodity guide to impacts and practices. Island Press.
  • Dubois, E., ve Blank, G. (2018). The echo chamber is overstated: The moderating effect of political interest and diverse media. Information, Communication & Society, 21(5), 729-745. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1428656
  • Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance (2.Baskı). Stanford university press.
  • Festinger, L. (1962). A theory of cognitive dissonance, Stanford University Press.
  • Festinger, L., ve Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58(2), 203–210.
  • Gölbaşı, S. D. ve Metintaş, S. (2020). Covid-19 pandemisi ve infodemi, ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 5, 126-137. https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.797508
  • Hoshino-Browne, E. (2012). Cultural variations in motivation for cognitive consistency: Influences of self-systems on cognitive dissonance. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6(2), 126–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00419.x
  • Jeong., M., Zo, H., Lee. C. H., ve Ceran, Y. (2019). Feeling displeasure from online social media postings: A study using cognitive dissonance theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 97, 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.02.021
  • Johnson, T. J., Bichard, S. L. ve Zhang, W. (2009). Communication communities or “cyberghettos?” A path analysis model examining factors that explain selective exposure to blogs. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15, 60-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01492.x
  • Kitayama, S., Ishii, K., Imada, T., Takemura, K. ve Ramaswamy, J. (2006). Voluntary settlement and the spirit of independence: Evidence from Japan’s “northern frontier.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(3), 369-384. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.3.369
  • Klapper, J. T. (1960). The effects of mass communication. New York, NY: Free Press.
  • Klein, J. ve McColl, G. (2019). Cognitive dissonance: how self‐protective distortions can undermine clinical judgment. Medical Education, 53(12), 1178-1186. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13938
  • Larson, H.J., Jarret, C., Schulz, W. S., Chaudhuri, M., Zhou, Y., Dube, E. ve Macdonald, N.E. (2015). Measuring vaccine hesitancy: The developmental survey tool. Vaccine, 33(34), 4165-4175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.037
  • Lawrence, E., Sides, J. ve Farrell, H. (2010). Self-segregation or deliberation? blog readership, participation, and polarization in American Politics. Perspectives on Politics, 8(1), 141-157. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592709992714
  • Luyten, J., Bruynell, L.ve Hoek, A. J.(2019). Assessing vaccine hesitancy in the UK population using a generalized vaccine hesitancy survey instrument. Vaccine, 37, 2494-2501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.041
  • Maffei, A. ve Angrilli, A. (2019). Spontaneous blink rate as an index of attention and emotion during film clips viewing. Physiology & Behavior, 204, 256–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.037
  • Marquart, F., Matthes, J. ve Rapp, E. (2016). Selective exposure in the context of political advertising: A behavioral approach using eye-tracking methodology. International Journal of Communication, 10, 2576–2595.
  • Metzger, M. J., Hartsell, E. H. ve Flanagin, A. J. (2015). Cognitive dissonance or credibility? A comparison of two theoretical explanations for selective exposure to partisan news. Communication Research, 47(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215613136
  • Nelson, J. L. ve Webster, J. G. (2017). The myth of partisan selective exposure: A portrait of the online political news audience. Social Media + Society 3(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117729314
  • Nuzhath, T., Tasnim, S., Sanjwal, R. K., Trisha, N. F., Rahman, M., Mahmud, S. ve Hossain, M. (2020). COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, misinformation and conspiracy theories on social media: A content analysis of Twitter data, SocArXiv.
  • Parmelee, J. H. ve Roman, N. (2020). Insta-echoes: Selective exposure and selective avoidance on instagram. Telematics and Informatics, 52, 101432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101432
  • Ploger, G. W., Dunaway, J., Fournier, P. ve Soroka, S. (2021). The psychophysiological correlates of cognitive dissonance. Politics and the Life Sciences, 40(2), 202-212. https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2021.15
  • Puri, N., Coomes, E. A., Haghbayan, H. ve Gunaratne, K. (2020). Social media and vaccine hesitancy: New updates for the era of COVID-19 and globalized infectious diseases. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(11), 2586- 2593. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1780846
  • Sarı, S. S.ve Kartal, T. (2020). Covid-19 salgınının altın fiyatları, petrol fiyatları ve vıx endeksi ile arasındaki ilişki. Erzincan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.46790/erzisosbil.748181
  • Shapiro, G. K., Tatar, O., Dube, E., Amsel, R., Knauper, B., Naz, A. ve Rosberger, Z. (2018). The vaccine hesitancy scale: Psyhcometric properties and validation, Vaccine, 36(5), 660-667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.043
  • Tecce, J. J. (1992). Psychology, physiological and experimental. In McGraw-Hill yearbook of science and technology. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
  • Temli, D. G. (2022). Esin Yücel (2018), Leon Festinger'in bilişsel uyumsuzluk kuramı. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 151-155. https://doi.org/10.47948/efad.1113106
  • Tsang, S. J. (2017). Cognitive discrepancy, dissonance, and selective exposure. Media Psychology, 22(3), 394-417. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2017.1282873
  • van Veen, V., Krug, M.K., Schooler, J.W. ve Carter, C.S. (2009). Neural activity predicts attitude change in cognitive dissonance. Nature Neuroscience, 12(11). 1469-1474. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2413
  • World Health Organization (WHO-DSÖ). Ten threats to global health in 2019.
  • Yılmaz, N., Öke,, P., ve Sönmez, S. (2021). Aşı tereddüdü ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirliği. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi, 9(3), 499-517. https://doi.org/10.22139/jobs.962519
  • Yiğit, T., Oktay, B. Ö., Özdemir, C. N. ve Moustafa Paşa, S. (2020). Aşı karşıtlığı ve fikri gelişimi. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 7(53), 1244-1261.
  • Yücel, E. (2018). Leon Festinger'in Bilişsel Uyumsuzluk Kuramı, Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Zillich, A. F. ve Guenther, L. (2021). Selective exposure to information on the internet: Measuring cognitive dissonance and selective exposure with eye-tracking. International Journal of Communication 15, 3459–3478.
Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 18, 114 - 130, 07.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.54709/jobesam.1301893

Abstract

Project Number

-

References

  • Andre, F. E., Booy, R., Bock, H. L., Clemens, J., Datta, S. K., John, T. J., Lee, B. W., Lolekha, S., Peltola, H., Ruff, TA., ve Santosham, M. (2020). Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death, and inequity worldwide. Bulletin of the World health Organization. 86, 140-146.
  • Aydın, A., Araz, A., ve Aslan, A. (2011). Görsel analog ölçeği ve duygu kafesi: Kültürümüze uyarlama çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 14(27), 1-13.
  • Benis, A., Seidmann, A. ve Ashkenazi, S. (2021). Reasons for taking the covıd-19 vaccine by us social media users, Vaccines, 9(4), 315. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9040315
  • Brehm, J. W. (1956). Post decision changes in the desirability of alternatives. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52(3), 384–389. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0041006
  • Clay, J. (2013). World agriculture and the environment: A commodity-by-commodity guide to impacts and practices. Island Press.
  • Dubois, E., ve Blank, G. (2018). The echo chamber is overstated: The moderating effect of political interest and diverse media. Information, Communication & Society, 21(5), 729-745. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1428656
  • Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance (2.Baskı). Stanford university press.
  • Festinger, L. (1962). A theory of cognitive dissonance, Stanford University Press.
  • Festinger, L., ve Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58(2), 203–210.
  • Gölbaşı, S. D. ve Metintaş, S. (2020). Covid-19 pandemisi ve infodemi, ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 5, 126-137. https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.797508
  • Hoshino-Browne, E. (2012). Cultural variations in motivation for cognitive consistency: Influences of self-systems on cognitive dissonance. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6(2), 126–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00419.x
  • Jeong., M., Zo, H., Lee. C. H., ve Ceran, Y. (2019). Feeling displeasure from online social media postings: A study using cognitive dissonance theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 97, 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.02.021
  • Johnson, T. J., Bichard, S. L. ve Zhang, W. (2009). Communication communities or “cyberghettos?” A path analysis model examining factors that explain selective exposure to blogs. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15, 60-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01492.x
  • Kitayama, S., Ishii, K., Imada, T., Takemura, K. ve Ramaswamy, J. (2006). Voluntary settlement and the spirit of independence: Evidence from Japan’s “northern frontier.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(3), 369-384. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.3.369
  • Klapper, J. T. (1960). The effects of mass communication. New York, NY: Free Press.
  • Klein, J. ve McColl, G. (2019). Cognitive dissonance: how self‐protective distortions can undermine clinical judgment. Medical Education, 53(12), 1178-1186. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13938
  • Larson, H.J., Jarret, C., Schulz, W. S., Chaudhuri, M., Zhou, Y., Dube, E. ve Macdonald, N.E. (2015). Measuring vaccine hesitancy: The developmental survey tool. Vaccine, 33(34), 4165-4175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.037
  • Lawrence, E., Sides, J. ve Farrell, H. (2010). Self-segregation or deliberation? blog readership, participation, and polarization in American Politics. Perspectives on Politics, 8(1), 141-157. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592709992714
  • Luyten, J., Bruynell, L.ve Hoek, A. J.(2019). Assessing vaccine hesitancy in the UK population using a generalized vaccine hesitancy survey instrument. Vaccine, 37, 2494-2501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.041
  • Maffei, A. ve Angrilli, A. (2019). Spontaneous blink rate as an index of attention and emotion during film clips viewing. Physiology & Behavior, 204, 256–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.037
  • Marquart, F., Matthes, J. ve Rapp, E. (2016). Selective exposure in the context of political advertising: A behavioral approach using eye-tracking methodology. International Journal of Communication, 10, 2576–2595.
  • Metzger, M. J., Hartsell, E. H. ve Flanagin, A. J. (2015). Cognitive dissonance or credibility? A comparison of two theoretical explanations for selective exposure to partisan news. Communication Research, 47(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215613136
  • Nelson, J. L. ve Webster, J. G. (2017). The myth of partisan selective exposure: A portrait of the online political news audience. Social Media + Society 3(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117729314
  • Nuzhath, T., Tasnim, S., Sanjwal, R. K., Trisha, N. F., Rahman, M., Mahmud, S. ve Hossain, M. (2020). COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, misinformation and conspiracy theories on social media: A content analysis of Twitter data, SocArXiv.
  • Parmelee, J. H. ve Roman, N. (2020). Insta-echoes: Selective exposure and selective avoidance on instagram. Telematics and Informatics, 52, 101432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101432
  • Ploger, G. W., Dunaway, J., Fournier, P. ve Soroka, S. (2021). The psychophysiological correlates of cognitive dissonance. Politics and the Life Sciences, 40(2), 202-212. https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2021.15
  • Puri, N., Coomes, E. A., Haghbayan, H. ve Gunaratne, K. (2020). Social media and vaccine hesitancy: New updates for the era of COVID-19 and globalized infectious diseases. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(11), 2586- 2593. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1780846
  • Sarı, S. S.ve Kartal, T. (2020). Covid-19 salgınının altın fiyatları, petrol fiyatları ve vıx endeksi ile arasındaki ilişki. Erzincan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.46790/erzisosbil.748181
  • Shapiro, G. K., Tatar, O., Dube, E., Amsel, R., Knauper, B., Naz, A. ve Rosberger, Z. (2018). The vaccine hesitancy scale: Psyhcometric properties and validation, Vaccine, 36(5), 660-667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.043
  • Tecce, J. J. (1992). Psychology, physiological and experimental. In McGraw-Hill yearbook of science and technology. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
  • Temli, D. G. (2022). Esin Yücel (2018), Leon Festinger'in bilişsel uyumsuzluk kuramı. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 151-155. https://doi.org/10.47948/efad.1113106
  • Tsang, S. J. (2017). Cognitive discrepancy, dissonance, and selective exposure. Media Psychology, 22(3), 394-417. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2017.1282873
  • van Veen, V., Krug, M.K., Schooler, J.W. ve Carter, C.S. (2009). Neural activity predicts attitude change in cognitive dissonance. Nature Neuroscience, 12(11). 1469-1474. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2413
  • World Health Organization (WHO-DSÖ). Ten threats to global health in 2019.
  • Yılmaz, N., Öke,, P., ve Sönmez, S. (2021). Aşı tereddüdü ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirliği. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi, 9(3), 499-517. https://doi.org/10.22139/jobs.962519
  • Yiğit, T., Oktay, B. Ö., Özdemir, C. N. ve Moustafa Paşa, S. (2020). Aşı karşıtlığı ve fikri gelişimi. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 7(53), 1244-1261.
  • Yücel, E. (2018). Leon Festinger'in Bilişsel Uyumsuzluk Kuramı, Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Zillich, A. F. ve Guenther, L. (2021). Selective exposure to information on the internet: Measuring cognitive dissonance and selective exposure with eye-tracking. International Journal of Communication 15, 3459–3478.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Resul Çakır 0000-0002-9821-2436

Begüm Eser

Hürol Aslan 0000-0003-4005-0785

Ece Bülbül 0009-0000-0227-904X

Project Number -
Early Pub Date July 8, 2023
Publication Date July 7, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 18

Cite

APA Çakır, R., Eser, B., Aslan, H., Bülbül, E. (2023). Aşı Karşıtlığının Bilişsel Çelişki Kuramı Bağlamında İncelenmesi: Deneysel Bir Çalışma. Uluslararası Davranış, Sürdürülebilirlik Ve Yönetim Dergisi, 10(18), 114-130. https://doi.org/10.54709/jobesam.1301893