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Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: 2 - Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 5 - 19, 04.06.2016

Metin Ozdemir Huseyin Uysal

Abstract

Mizahın evrenselliği, insan zihnindeki bilişsel süreçleri açıklamaya çalışan fazlaca çalışmanın çıkış noktası olmuştur. İkidilliler ve tekdillilerde dil edinim süreci, dolayısıyla da mizah tümcelerinin kavranması farklılık göstermektedir. Bu farklılık, dilbilimcilerin ve psikologların çalışma konusu olmuştur. Mevcut çalışma, ikidillilerde ve tekdillilerde tek tümcelik fıkraların işlenmesindeki farklılıkları ele almaktadır. Mizah işlemenin, metindeki dil öğelerini ansiklopedik bilgi ile birleştirmeyi şart koştuğu göz önünde bulundurulursa, iki dillilerin zihinlerinde kavramsal örgütlenmenin nasıl şekillendiğine dair bir fikri mizah tümcelerinden edinebiliriz. Bu doğrultuda, iki grubun tek cümlelik fıkraları ve mizah içermeyen benzerlerini okurken göz hareketlerinden alınan veri; hedef noktaya yapılan sabitleme sayısı ve toplam sabitleme süresi dikkate alınarak çözümlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ikidillilerin hedef noktaya daha uzun ve fazla sayıda sabitleme yaptığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular ışığında, ikidillilerin sözcük ve kavram belleği arasındaki bağlantının, tekdillilerinkinden farklı olabileceği yorumuna ulaşılmıştır

Keywords

ikidillilik mizah tümcelerinin kavranması göz izleme sözcük ve kavram belleği

References

  • Altarriba, J. (1990). Constraints on interlingual facilitation effects in priming in Spanish-English bilinguals. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
  • Attardo, S. (1997). The semantic foundations of cognitive theories of humor. Humor-International Journal of Humor Research, 10(4), 395-420.
  • Attardo, S. (2001). Humorous Texts: A Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Attardo, S., Hempelmann, C. H. & Di Maio, S. (2002). Script oppositions and logical mechanisms: Modeling incongruities and their resolutions. Humor-International Journal of Humor Research, 15(1), 3- 46.
  • Attardo, S. & Raskin, V. (1991). Script Theory Revis(it)ed: Joke Similarity and Joke Representation Model. Humor-International Journal of Humor Research, 4(3-4), 293-347.
  • Costa, A. (2004). Speech Production in Bilinguals. In T. K. Bhatia & W. C. Ritcie (Eds.), the Handbook of Bilingualism (pp. 201-223). Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Costa, A., Miozzo, M. & Caramazza, A. (1999). Lexical selection in bilinguals: Do words in the bilingual’s two lexicons compete for selection? Journal of Memory and Language, 41(3), 365-97.
  • Coulson, S. (2009). Semantic Leaps: Frame-Shifting and Conceptual Blending in Meaning Construction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Coulson, S., Urbach, T. P. & Kutas, M. (2006). Looking back: Joke comprehension and the space structuring model. Humor-International Journal of Humor Research, 19(3), 229-250.
  • Dijkstra, T. & van Heuven, W. J. B. (1998). The BIA model and bilingual word recognition. In J. Grainger & A. M. Jacobs (Eds.), Localist Connectionist Approaches to Human Cognition (pp. 189-225). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Gernsbacher, M. A. & Robertson, R. R. W. (1999). The role of suppression in figurative language comprehension. Journal of Pragmatics, 31(12), 1619-1630.
  • Grosjean, F. (2004). Studying bilinguals: methodological and conceptual issues. In T. K. Bhatia & W. C. Ritcie (Eds.), the Handbook of Bilingualism (pp. 32-63). Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Heredia, R. R. (1996, January). Bilingual memory: A re-revised version of the hierarchical model of bilingual memory. CRL Newsletter, 10(3). Retrieved from http://crl.ucsd.edu/newsletter/10-3/
  • Johnson, J. & Rosano, T. (1993). Relation of cognitive style to metaphor interpretation and second language proficiency. Applied Psycholinguistics, 14(2), 159-175.
  • Kroll, J. F. & Stewart, E. (1994). Category interference in translation and picture naming. Evidence for asymmetric connections between bilingual memory representations. Journal of Memory and Language, 33(2), 149-174.
  • Kroll, J. F. & Dussias, P. E. (2004). The comprehension of words and sentences in two languages. In T. K. Bhatia & W. C. Ritchie (Eds.), the Handbook of Bilingualism (pp. 169-200). Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell Publishers.
  • Martinez, F., Chen, H. C., Vaid, J., Wilkinson, L. & Price, E. (2004, October). Joke comprehension and detection: Is there a bilingual advantage? Poster presented at Annual Southwest Cognition Conference, Arlington, TX.
  • Navracsics, J. (2007). Word classes and the bilingual mental lexicon. In Z. Lengyel & J. Navracsics (Eds.), Second Language Lexical Processes: Applied Linguistic and Psycholinguistic Perspectives (pp. 17-39). Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
  • Raskin, V. (1985). Semantic Mechanism of Humor. Boston, MA: D. Reidel Publishing.
  • Reyna, J. & Herrera-Sobek, M. (1998). Jokelore, cultural differences, and linguistic dexterity: the construction of Mexican immigrant in Chicano humor. In D. R. Maciel & M. Herrera-Sobek (Eds.), Culture across Borders: Mexican immigration and popular culture (pp. 203-226). Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
  • Segui, J. (1991). La reconnaissance visuelle des mots. In R. Kolinsky, J. Morais & J. Segui (Eds.), La reconnaissance des mots dans les différentes modalités sensorielles. Etude de psycholinguistique cognitive (pp. 99-117). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Tamaoka, K. & Toshiaki, T. (1994). Understanding humour from another culture: comprehension of parental brain twisters by Japanese university students learning English as a second language. Psychologia, 37, 150-157.
  • Vaid, J. (2006). Joking across languages: Perspectives on humor, emotion, and bilingualism. In A. Pavlenko (Ed.), Bilingual minds: Emotional experience, expression, and representation (pp. 152-182). Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
  • Vaid, J. (2000). New approaches to conceptual representations in bilingual memory: the case for studying humor interpretation. Bilingualism, Language and Cognition, 3(1), 28-30.

THE TIME COURSE OF MEANING ACTIVATION IN JOKES: BILINGUALS VS. MONOLINGUALS

Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: 2 - Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 5 - 19, 04.06.2016

Metin Ozdemir Huseyin Uysal

Abstract

Universality of humor has led to many studies aiming to explain the cognitive processes in the human mind. The acquisition processes of bilinguals and monolinguals differ, therefore it is common to observe differences in their cognitive structure, in terms of joke comprehension. It has been a matter of interest for linguists and psychologists how these differences vary in humor comprehension, which has always been a complex phenomenon. The present study investigates the differences between bilinguals and monolinguals while they process one-liners. Jokes can provide insight into how conceptual organization is shaped in bilingual’s mind, since joke processing involves combining linguistic elements in text with encyclopedic knowledge. To achieve this aim, eye movements of two different groups were analyzed while they were reading one-liner jokes and their non-joke counterparts. The analysis was carried out via fixation count and total fixation duration on punchlines. It has been observed, when the two groups are compared, that the bilinguals fixated longer on the punchlines and made more fixations than monolinguals and that bilinguals needed more cognitive resources in order to comprehend the jokes, suggesting that a bilingual’s lexical-conceptual store link may be different from that of a monolingual’s.

Keywords

bilingualism joke comprehension eye-tracking lexical and conceptual store.

References

  • Altarriba, J. (1990). Constraints on interlingual facilitation effects in priming in Spanish-English bilinguals. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
  • Attardo, S. (1997). The semantic foundations of cognitive theories of humor. Humor-International Journal of Humor Research, 10(4), 395-420.
  • Attardo, S. (2001). Humorous Texts: A Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Attardo, S., Hempelmann, C. H. & Di Maio, S. (2002). Script oppositions and logical mechanisms: Modeling incongruities and their resolutions. Humor-International Journal of Humor Research, 15(1), 3- 46.
  • Attardo, S. & Raskin, V. (1991). Script Theory Revis(it)ed: Joke Similarity and Joke Representation Model. Humor-International Journal of Humor Research, 4(3-4), 293-347.
  • Costa, A. (2004). Speech Production in Bilinguals. In T. K. Bhatia & W. C. Ritcie (Eds.), the Handbook of Bilingualism (pp. 201-223). Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Costa, A., Miozzo, M. & Caramazza, A. (1999). Lexical selection in bilinguals: Do words in the bilingual’s two lexicons compete for selection? Journal of Memory and Language, 41(3), 365-97.
  • Coulson, S. (2009). Semantic Leaps: Frame-Shifting and Conceptual Blending in Meaning Construction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Coulson, S., Urbach, T. P. & Kutas, M. (2006). Looking back: Joke comprehension and the space structuring model. Humor-International Journal of Humor Research, 19(3), 229-250.
  • Dijkstra, T. & van Heuven, W. J. B. (1998). The BIA model and bilingual word recognition. In J. Grainger & A. M. Jacobs (Eds.), Localist Connectionist Approaches to Human Cognition (pp. 189-225). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Gernsbacher, M. A. & Robertson, R. R. W. (1999). The role of suppression in figurative language comprehension. Journal of Pragmatics, 31(12), 1619-1630.
  • Grosjean, F. (2004). Studying bilinguals: methodological and conceptual issues. In T. K. Bhatia & W. C. Ritcie (Eds.), the Handbook of Bilingualism (pp. 32-63). Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Heredia, R. R. (1996, January). Bilingual memory: A re-revised version of the hierarchical model of bilingual memory. CRL Newsletter, 10(3). Retrieved from http://crl.ucsd.edu/newsletter/10-3/
  • Johnson, J. & Rosano, T. (1993). Relation of cognitive style to metaphor interpretation and second language proficiency. Applied Psycholinguistics, 14(2), 159-175.
  • Kroll, J. F. & Stewart, E. (1994). Category interference in translation and picture naming. Evidence for asymmetric connections between bilingual memory representations. Journal of Memory and Language, 33(2), 149-174.
  • Kroll, J. F. & Dussias, P. E. (2004). The comprehension of words and sentences in two languages. In T. K. Bhatia & W. C. Ritchie (Eds.), the Handbook of Bilingualism (pp. 169-200). Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell Publishers.
  • Martinez, F., Chen, H. C., Vaid, J., Wilkinson, L. & Price, E. (2004, October). Joke comprehension and detection: Is there a bilingual advantage? Poster presented at Annual Southwest Cognition Conference, Arlington, TX.
  • Navracsics, J. (2007). Word classes and the bilingual mental lexicon. In Z. Lengyel & J. Navracsics (Eds.), Second Language Lexical Processes: Applied Linguistic and Psycholinguistic Perspectives (pp. 17-39). Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
  • Raskin, V. (1985). Semantic Mechanism of Humor. Boston, MA: D. Reidel Publishing.
  • Reyna, J. & Herrera-Sobek, M. (1998). Jokelore, cultural differences, and linguistic dexterity: the construction of Mexican immigrant in Chicano humor. In D. R. Maciel & M. Herrera-Sobek (Eds.), Culture across Borders: Mexican immigration and popular culture (pp. 203-226). Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
  • Segui, J. (1991). La reconnaissance visuelle des mots. In R. Kolinsky, J. Morais & J. Segui (Eds.), La reconnaissance des mots dans les différentes modalités sensorielles. Etude de psycholinguistique cognitive (pp. 99-117). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Tamaoka, K. & Toshiaki, T. (1994). Understanding humour from another culture: comprehension of parental brain twisters by Japanese university students learning English as a second language. Psychologia, 37, 150-157.
  • Vaid, J. (2006). Joking across languages: Perspectives on humor, emotion, and bilingualism. In A. Pavlenko (Ed.), Bilingual minds: Emotional experience, expression, and representation (pp. 152-182). Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
  • Vaid, J. (2000). New approaches to conceptual representations in bilingual memory: the case for studying humor interpretation. Bilingualism, Language and Cognition, 3(1), 28-30.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA27AP52FC
Journal Section Turkish Language Education
Authors

Metin Ozdemir This is me

Huseyin Uysal

Publication Date June 4, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 - Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ozdemir, M., & Uysal, H. (2016). THE TIME COURSE OF MEANING ACTIVATION IN JOKES: BILINGUALS VS. MONOLINGUALS. Turkophone, 1(2), 5-19.

TURKOPHONE | 2014 |  ISSN: 2148-6808

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