Araştırma Makalesi
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Comparison of Compassion Levels of Teachers, Nurses and Police Officers

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 1 - 15, 28.03.2023

Eşref Nas Ramazan Sak

https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1053568

Öz

The concept of compassion is an emotion being felt towards people who are suffering or experiencing trouble. Compassion is also explained by taking action to reduce someone else's pain, difficulties, and trouble. In this study, it was aimed to compare the compassion levels of teachers, nurses and police officers according to their professions and various demographic characteristics. This study examines the compassion level of 330 professionals working with people, including 124 teachers, 112 nurses, and 94 police officers. A personal information form and the Adult Compassion Scale were used as data collection tools. One-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent samples t-test were used in data analysis. In addition, four sub-dimensions of the scale (cognitive compassion, emotional compassion, behavioral compassion and motivational compassion) were taken into account during the data analysis process. According to the results of the analysis, there was no significant difference between the compassion score of the participants based on their monthly income and the place of residence. According to their marital status, the mean scores of their compassion showed a significant difference in favor of the married participants only in the cognitive compassion sub-dimension. According to their age, the level of their compassion showed a significant difference only in the cognitive compassion sub-dimension. According to their gender, a significant difference was found in the cognitive compassion dimension in favor of male participants. According to their occupations, compassion score means of the participants did not show a significant difference in the emotional compassion and cognitive compassion sub-dimensions. However, in the behavioral and motivational compassion sub-dimensions, and in the sum of compassion scale, the compassion levels of the police officers were found to be significantly higher than the compassion levels of the nurses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Compassion teacher nurse police officers

Kaynakça

  • Alkema, K., Linton, J. M. ve Davies, R. (2008). A study of the relationship between self-care, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout among hospice professionals. Journal of Social Work in End-Of-life and Palliative Care, 4(2), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/15524250802353934.
  • Annalakshmi, N. ve Jayanthy, C. (2019). Analysis of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among secondary school teacher. The International Journal of Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis, 11(10), 282-833.
  • Aydemir, B. (2018). Öğretmenlerdeki merhamet düzeylerinin cinsiyet, kıdem, branş ve algılanan anne-baba tutumlarına göre incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Aydemir, F. (2020). Merhamet ve iş yeri ruhsallığı arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Harran Üniversitesi, Şanlıurfa.
  • Bozgeyikli, H. (2012). Self efficacy as a predictor of compassion satisfaction, burnout, compassion fatigue: A study on psychological counselors. African Journal of Business Management, 6(2), 646-651. DOI: 10.5897/AJBM11.2167
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. (17.Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Candemir, M. L. (2019). Engelli çocuğa sahip olan ve olmayan ebeveynlerin öz anlayış, kişilik ve merhamet özelliklerinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Carter, C.S., Bartal, I.B. ve Porges, E.C. (2017). The roots of compassion an evolutionary and neurobiological perspective. Seppälä, E.M., Simon-Thomas, E., Brown, S.L., Worline, M.C., Cameron, C.D. ve Doty, J.R. (Ed.).The Oxford handbook of compassion science (s. 234-252). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Chiao, Y. J. (2017). Cultural neuroscience of compassion and empathy. Seppälä, E.M., Simon-Thomas, E., Brown, S.L., Worline, M.C., Cameron, C.D. ve Doty, J.R. (Ed.).The Oxford handbook of compassion science (s. 202-214). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Coffey, A., Saab, M. M., Landers, M., Cornally, N., Hegarty, J., Drennan, J., Lunn, C. ve Savage, E. (2019). The impact of compassionate care education on nurses: A mixed-method systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 75(11), 2340–2351. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14088.
  • Conrad, D. ve Kellar-Guenther, Y. (2006). Compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among Colorado child protection workers. Child Abuse and Neglect, 30, 1071-1080. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.03.009
  • Cosley, B.J., McCoy, S.K., Saslow, L.R. ve Epel, E.S. (2010). Is compassion for others stress bufering? Consequences of compassion and social support for physiological reactivity to stress. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 816–823.
  • Crocker, J. ve Canevello, A. (2008). Creating and undermining social support in communal relationships: The role of compassionate and self-image goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(3), 555-575. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.555
  • Çalışoğlu, M. (2018). The analysis of the compassion levels of the classroom teachlers in terms of different variables. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(7), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i7.3137
  • Dias, B.S., Ferreira, C. ve Trindade, I.A. (2018). Influence of fears of compassion on body image shame and disordered eating. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. doi:10.1007/s40519-018-0523-0
  • Erdoğan, B. (2017). Yetişkinlerde mutluluğun merhamet ve saldırganlıkla ilişkisinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Erdoğan, S. (2018). Evli bireylerin evlilik doyumu ve merhamet düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya.
  • Figley, C. R. (2002). Compassion fatigue: psychotherapists' chronic lack of self care. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(11), 1433-1441. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.10090
  • Ghazanfar, H., Chaudhry, M.T., Asar, Z.U. ve Zahid, U. (2018) Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue in cardiac physicians working in tertiary care cardiac hospitals in Pakistan. Cureus, 10(10), 1-7. DOI 10.7759/cureus.3416
  • Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Matos, M. ve Rivis, A. (2011). Fears of compassion: Development of three self-report measures. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84, 239-255. DOI:10.1348/147608310X526511
  • Goetz, J.L., Keltner, D. ve Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psycholoical Bulletin, 136(3), 351-374. DOI: 10.1037/a0018807
  • Goldin, P. ve Jazaieri, H. (2017). The compassion cultivation training (cct) program. In Seppälä, E.M., Simon-Thomas, E., Brown, S.L., Worline, M.C., Cameron, D.C. ve Doty, J.R. (Eds.). Oxford Handbooks Online. Doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.18
  • Grant, H.B., Lavery, C.F. ve Decarlo, J. (2019). An exploratory study of poliçe officers: Low compassion satisfaction and compassion. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-5. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02793
  • Jarrad, R.A. ve Hammad, S. (2020). Oncology nurses’ compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction. Annals of General Psychiatry, 19(22), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00272-9
  • Jazaieri, H., McGonigal, K., Jinpa, T., Doty, J.R., Gross, J.J. ve Goldin, P.R. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of compassion cultivation training: Effects on mindfulness, affect, and emotion regulation. Motivation and Emotion, 38(1), 23-35. DOI: 10.1007/s11031-013-9368-z
  • Johnson, K. (2014). From compassion fatigue to resilience: Children’s Hospital Colorado. Global Adv Health Med., 3(1), 6. DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2014.BPA03
  • Maziatul Akmal, K. ve Foong, A.L.S. (2018). Attachment styles: Fear of compassion and callous-unemotional traits among Juvenile Delinquents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Behavior, 6(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000371.
  • McClelland, L. E., Gabriel, A. S. ve DePuccio, M. J. (2018). Compassion practices, nurse wellbeing, and ambulatory patient experience ratings. Medical Care, 56(1), 4–10. https://doi. org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000834.
  • Milliard, B. (2020). The role of compassion satisfaction. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817872-0.00012-4.
  • Nas, E. (2020). Bir metafor araştırması: Yetişkinlerin merhamet kavramına ilişkin algıları. Euroassia Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(7), 63-77. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.38064/eurssh.139
  • Nas, E. ve Sak, R. (2020). Merhamet ve merhamet odaklı terapi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 64-84. Doi: 10.18026/cbayarsos.525744
  • Nas, E. ve Sak, R. (2022). Yetişkin merhamet ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 32(2), 535-548. DOI: 10.18069/firatsbed.1037168
  • Neff, K. D. (2003a). The development of validation of a scale to measure self compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250. DOI: 10.1080/15298860390209035
  • Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. DOI: 10.1080/15298860390129863
  • Ortega-Campos, E., Vargas-Roman, K., Velando-Soriano, A., Suleiman-Martos, N., Canadas-de la Fuente, G. A., Albendin-Garcia, L. ve Gomez-Urquiza, J. L. (2020). Compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and burnout in oncology nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sustainability, 1-12. doi: 10.3390/su12010072
  • Papazoglou, K., Koskelainen, M. ve Stuewe, N. (2019). Examining the relationship between personality traits, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among police officers. SAGE Open, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018825190
  • Peterson, A. (2017). Compassion and education. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Powell, S.K. (2020). Compassion Fatigue. Professional Case Management, 25(2), 53–55. doi:10.1097/ncm.0000000000000418
  • Ray, S.L., Wong, C.,White, D. ve Heaslip, K. (2013). Compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, work life conditions and burnout among frontline mental health care professionals. Traumatology, 19(4), 255–267. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534765612471144.
  • Ruiz-Fernandez, M.D., Perez-Garcia, E.ve Ortega-Galan, A.M. (2020). Quality of life in nursing professionals: Burnout, fatigue and compassion satisfaction. Internationa Journal of Eviromental Research and Public Health, 17, 1-12. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041253
  • Sacco, T. L., Ciurzynski, S. M., Harvey, M. E. ve Ingersoll, G. L. (2015). Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among critical care nurses. Critical Care Nurse, 35(4), 32-44. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2015392
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Öğretmen, Hemşire ve Polislerin Merhamet Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 1 - 15, 28.03.2023

Eşref Nas Ramazan Sak

https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1053568

Öz

Merhamet acı çeken ya da sıkıntı yaşayan kişilere karşı hissedilen bir duygu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Merhamet aynı zamanda başkasının acılarını, zorluklarını ve sıkıntılarını azaltmak için eyleme geçmekle açıklanmaktadır. Bu araştırmada öğretmenlerin, hemşirelerin ve polislerin merhamet düzeylerinin mesleklerine ve çeşitli demografik özelliklerine göre karşılaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi 124 öğretmen, 112 hemşire ve 94 polis memuru olmak üzere insanlarla çalışan 330 profesyonelden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, kişisel bilgi formu ve Yetişkin Merhamet Ölçeği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Veri analizinde, tek faktörlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve bağımsız örneklemler için t-testi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca veri analizi sürecinde ölçeğin dört alt boyutu (bilişsel merhamet, duygusal merhamet, davranışsal merhamet ve motivasyonel merhamet) dikkate alınmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, katılımcıların aylık gelirlerine ve yaşadıkları yerleşim yerine göre merhamet puan ortalamaları arasındaki fark anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Medeni durum değişkenine göre, evli katılımcıların bilişsel merhamet alt boyutu puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Benzer şekilde, 42 ve üstü yaştaki katılımcıların bilişsel merhamet alt boyutu puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Cinsiyet değişkenine göre, erkek katılımcıların bilişsel merhamet alt boyutu puan ortalamalarının kadınların puan ortalamasından daha yüksek olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte polislerin davranışsal ve motivasyonel merhamet alt boyutu puan ortalamalarının hemşirelerin puan ortalamasından yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Son olarak polislerin merhamet ölçeği toplamından aldıkları ortalamaların hemşirelerin puan ortalamasından yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Merhamet öğretmen hemşire polis

Kaynakça

  • Alkema, K., Linton, J. M. ve Davies, R. (2008). A study of the relationship between self-care, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout among hospice professionals. Journal of Social Work in End-Of-life and Palliative Care, 4(2), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/15524250802353934.
  • Annalakshmi, N. ve Jayanthy, C. (2019). Analysis of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among secondary school teacher. The International Journal of Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis, 11(10), 282-833.
  • Aydemir, B. (2018). Öğretmenlerdeki merhamet düzeylerinin cinsiyet, kıdem, branş ve algılanan anne-baba tutumlarına göre incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Aydemir, F. (2020). Merhamet ve iş yeri ruhsallığı arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Harran Üniversitesi, Şanlıurfa.
  • Bozgeyikli, H. (2012). Self efficacy as a predictor of compassion satisfaction, burnout, compassion fatigue: A study on psychological counselors. African Journal of Business Management, 6(2), 646-651. DOI: 10.5897/AJBM11.2167
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. (17.Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Candemir, M. L. (2019). Engelli çocuğa sahip olan ve olmayan ebeveynlerin öz anlayış, kişilik ve merhamet özelliklerinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Carter, C.S., Bartal, I.B. ve Porges, E.C. (2017). The roots of compassion an evolutionary and neurobiological perspective. Seppälä, E.M., Simon-Thomas, E., Brown, S.L., Worline, M.C., Cameron, C.D. ve Doty, J.R. (Ed.).The Oxford handbook of compassion science (s. 234-252). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Chiao, Y. J. (2017). Cultural neuroscience of compassion and empathy. Seppälä, E.M., Simon-Thomas, E., Brown, S.L., Worline, M.C., Cameron, C.D. ve Doty, J.R. (Ed.).The Oxford handbook of compassion science (s. 202-214). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Coffey, A., Saab, M. M., Landers, M., Cornally, N., Hegarty, J., Drennan, J., Lunn, C. ve Savage, E. (2019). The impact of compassionate care education on nurses: A mixed-method systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 75(11), 2340–2351. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14088.
  • Conrad, D. ve Kellar-Guenther, Y. (2006). Compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among Colorado child protection workers. Child Abuse and Neglect, 30, 1071-1080. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.03.009
  • Cosley, B.J., McCoy, S.K., Saslow, L.R. ve Epel, E.S. (2010). Is compassion for others stress bufering? Consequences of compassion and social support for physiological reactivity to stress. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 816–823.
  • Crocker, J. ve Canevello, A. (2008). Creating and undermining social support in communal relationships: The role of compassionate and self-image goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(3), 555-575. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.555
  • Çalışoğlu, M. (2018). The analysis of the compassion levels of the classroom teachlers in terms of different variables. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(7), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i7.3137
  • Dias, B.S., Ferreira, C. ve Trindade, I.A. (2018). Influence of fears of compassion on body image shame and disordered eating. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. doi:10.1007/s40519-018-0523-0
  • Erdoğan, B. (2017). Yetişkinlerde mutluluğun merhamet ve saldırganlıkla ilişkisinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Erdoğan, S. (2018). Evli bireylerin evlilik doyumu ve merhamet düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya.
  • Figley, C. R. (2002). Compassion fatigue: psychotherapists' chronic lack of self care. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(11), 1433-1441. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.10090
  • Ghazanfar, H., Chaudhry, M.T., Asar, Z.U. ve Zahid, U. (2018) Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue in cardiac physicians working in tertiary care cardiac hospitals in Pakistan. Cureus, 10(10), 1-7. DOI 10.7759/cureus.3416
  • Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Matos, M. ve Rivis, A. (2011). Fears of compassion: Development of three self-report measures. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84, 239-255. DOI:10.1348/147608310X526511
  • Goetz, J.L., Keltner, D. ve Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psycholoical Bulletin, 136(3), 351-374. DOI: 10.1037/a0018807
  • Goldin, P. ve Jazaieri, H. (2017). The compassion cultivation training (cct) program. In Seppälä, E.M., Simon-Thomas, E., Brown, S.L., Worline, M.C., Cameron, D.C. ve Doty, J.R. (Eds.). Oxford Handbooks Online. Doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.18
  • Grant, H.B., Lavery, C.F. ve Decarlo, J. (2019). An exploratory study of poliçe officers: Low compassion satisfaction and compassion. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-5. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02793
  • Jarrad, R.A. ve Hammad, S. (2020). Oncology nurses’ compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction. Annals of General Psychiatry, 19(22), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00272-9
  • Jazaieri, H., McGonigal, K., Jinpa, T., Doty, J.R., Gross, J.J. ve Goldin, P.R. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of compassion cultivation training: Effects on mindfulness, affect, and emotion regulation. Motivation and Emotion, 38(1), 23-35. DOI: 10.1007/s11031-013-9368-z
  • Johnson, K. (2014). From compassion fatigue to resilience: Children’s Hospital Colorado. Global Adv Health Med., 3(1), 6. DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2014.BPA03
  • Maziatul Akmal, K. ve Foong, A.L.S. (2018). Attachment styles: Fear of compassion and callous-unemotional traits among Juvenile Delinquents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Behavior, 6(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000371.
  • McClelland, L. E., Gabriel, A. S. ve DePuccio, M. J. (2018). Compassion practices, nurse wellbeing, and ambulatory patient experience ratings. Medical Care, 56(1), 4–10. https://doi. org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000834.
  • Milliard, B. (2020). The role of compassion satisfaction. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817872-0.00012-4.
  • Nas, E. (2020). Bir metafor araştırması: Yetişkinlerin merhamet kavramına ilişkin algıları. Euroassia Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(7), 63-77. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.38064/eurssh.139
  • Nas, E. ve Sak, R. (2020). Merhamet ve merhamet odaklı terapi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 64-84. Doi: 10.18026/cbayarsos.525744
  • Nas, E. ve Sak, R. (2022). Yetişkin merhamet ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 32(2), 535-548. DOI: 10.18069/firatsbed.1037168
  • Neff, K. D. (2003a). The development of validation of a scale to measure self compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250. DOI: 10.1080/15298860390209035
  • Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. DOI: 10.1080/15298860390129863
  • Ortega-Campos, E., Vargas-Roman, K., Velando-Soriano, A., Suleiman-Martos, N., Canadas-de la Fuente, G. A., Albendin-Garcia, L. ve Gomez-Urquiza, J. L. (2020). Compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and burnout in oncology nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sustainability, 1-12. doi: 10.3390/su12010072
  • Papazoglou, K., Koskelainen, M. ve Stuewe, N. (2019). Examining the relationship between personality traits, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among police officers. SAGE Open, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018825190
  • Peterson, A. (2017). Compassion and education. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Powell, S.K. (2020). Compassion Fatigue. Professional Case Management, 25(2), 53–55. doi:10.1097/ncm.0000000000000418
  • Ray, S.L., Wong, C.,White, D. ve Heaslip, K. (2013). Compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, work life conditions and burnout among frontline mental health care professionals. Traumatology, 19(4), 255–267. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534765612471144.
  • Ruiz-Fernandez, M.D., Perez-Garcia, E.ve Ortega-Galan, A.M. (2020). Quality of life in nursing professionals: Burnout, fatigue and compassion satisfaction. Internationa Journal of Eviromental Research and Public Health, 17, 1-12. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041253
  • Sacco, T. L., Ciurzynski, S. M., Harvey, M. E. ve Ingersoll, G. L. (2015). Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among critical care nurses. Critical Care Nurse, 35(4), 32-44. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2015392
  • Sak, R., Nas, E., Şahin-Sak, İ.T., Öneren-Şendil, Ç., Tekin-Sitrava, R., Taşkın, N., Yayla, A., Dirik, Y. ve Kardeş, S. (2021). Compassion as a source of satisfaction and fear in professionals who work with people. Psychological Reports, 0(0), 1-21. DOI: 10.1177/00332941211061701
  • Stanfield, M. H. ve Baptist, J. (2019). Compassion satisfaction among camp counselors: A pilot study. Journal of Experiential Education, 42(2), 121–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053825918824617.
  • Strauss, C., Taylor, B.L., Gu, J., Kuyken, W., Baer, R., Jones, F. ve Cavanagh, K. (2016). What is compassion and how canwe measure it? A review of definitions and measures. Clinical Psychology Review, 47, 15-27. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.004
  • Şirin, M. ve Yurttaş, A. (2015). Hemşirelik bakımının bedeli: Merhamet yorgunluğu. DEUHFED, 8(2), 123-130.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu Güncel Türkçe Sözlük. (2021). http://www.tdk.org.tr Erişim Tarihi: 24.06.2021.
  • Xavier, A., Cunha, M. ve Pinto Gouveia, J. (2015). Deliberate self-harm in adolescence: The impact of childhood experiences, negative affect and fears of compassion. Revista de Psicopatologia y Psicologia Clinica, 20 (1), 41-49. doi: 10.5944/rppc.vol.1.num.1.2015.14407
  • Yeşilbaş, H. (2016). Sağlıkta şiddete genel bakış. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi, 1(3), 44-54.
  • Yıldız, M.S. (2019). Türkiye’de sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddet: Ankara ilinde araştırma. Hacettepe Journal of Health Administration, 22(1), 135-156
  • Yoder, E.A. (2010). Compassion fatigue in nurses. Applied Nursing Research, 23(4), 191–197. doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2008.09.003
  • Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., Han, X-R., Li, W. ve Wang, Y. (2018). Determinants of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout in nursing: A correlative meta-analysis. Medicine, 97(26), 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000011086
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Eğitim
Yazarlar

Eşref Nas 0000-0002-4524-9534

Ramazan Sak 0000-0002-7504-9429

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Mart 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Ocak 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Nas, E., & Sak, R. (2023). Öğretmen, Hemşire ve Polislerin Merhamet Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1053568
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