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Koşuyu Etkileyen Biyomekaniksel Faktörler

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 122 - 127, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.605645

Öz

Toplumda aerobik egzersizin sağlıklı yaşam ve yaşam kalitesine faydalarıyla ilgili bilincin artmasıyla birlikte tempolu yürüyüş ve koşu, toplumda giderek popüler hale gelen sporlar arasında yer almaya başlamıştır. Bu egzersizlere katılım arttıkça koşu ile ilgili hem akut hem kronik yaralanmaların insidansında doğal bir artış görülmektedir. Yaralanmaların hem önlenmesi hem de etkin bir şekilde tedavi edilebilmesi amacıyla yürüyüşün ve koşunun biyomekaniklerinin doğru bir şekilde anlaşılması önem taşır. Uygun koşu biyomekanikleri, kinetik halkanın tüm komponentlerinin senkronize hareketlerini içerir. Ayak; zemine uyum, denge ve propriosepsiyon ile birlikte itme fazı için gerekli itmeyi sağlar. Gövde ve pelvisteki uygun olmayan dizilim, vücut mekaniklerini etkiler, dolayısıyla yaralanmalara neden olur. Bu yüzden koşu boyunca tüm kinetik zincire etkiyen biyomekaniklerin anlaşılması ve dikkate alınması gereklidir. Bu yazıda kısaca yürüyüş ve koşu arasındaki biyomekaniksel farklılıklara ve koşma sırasında alt ekstremitede meydana gelen biyomekaniksel fazlara değinilecektir, sonrasında koşunun kinetik zincire etkisinden bahsedilecektir.

Teşekkür

Değerli meslektaşım sevgili arkadaşım Sercan AYKAR'a yazım sırasında verdiği değerli görüşleri için teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Alsancak, S. (2015). Yürüyüş terminolojisi. Ankara Sağlık Hizmetleri Derg, 14(2), 1-5.
  • 2. Nicola, T. L., & Jewison, D. J. (2012). The anatomy and biomechanics of running. Clin Sports Med, 31(2), 187-201.
  • 3. Dugan, S. A., & Bhat, K. P. (2005). Biomechanics and analysis of running gait. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am, 16(3), 603-621.
  • 4. Tom, N., & Novacheck, T. (1998). Review paper: The biomechanics of running. Gait Posture, 7, 77-95.
  • 5. Chumanov, E. S., Heiderscheit, B. C., & Thelen, D.G. (2007). The effect of speed and influence of individual muscles on hamstring mechanics during the swing phase of sprinting. J Biomech, 40(16), 3555-3562.
  • 6. Elliott, B. C., & Blanksby, B.A. (1979). A biomechanical analysis of the male jogging action. J Hum Mov Stud, 5, 42-51.
  • 7. Preece, S. J., Mason, D., & Bramah, C. (2016). How do elite endurance runners alter movements of the spine and pelvis as running speed increases? Gait Posture. 46, 132-134.
  • 8. Hamner, S. R., Seth, A., & Delp, S. L. (2010). Muscle contributions to propulsion and support during running. J Biomech, 43(14), 2709-2716.
  • 9. Almeida, M.O., Davis, I.S., & Lopes, A.D. (2015). Biomechanical differences of foot-strike patterns during running: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther, 45(10), 738-755.
  • 10. Cheung, R. T. H., Wong, R. Y. L., Chung, T. K. W., Choi, R. T., Leung, W. W. Y., & Shek, D. H. Y. (2017). Relationship between foot strike pattern, running speed, and footwear condition in recreational distance runners. Sport Biomech, 16(2), 238-247.
  • 11. Boyer, E. R., & Derrick, T. R. (2018). Lower extremity joint loads in habitual rearfoot and mid/forefoot strike runners with normal and shortened stride lengths. Journal of sports sciences, 36(5), 499-505.
  • 12. Miller, R. H., Edwards, W. B., Brandon, S. C. E., Morton, A. M., & Deluzio, K. J. (2014). Why don’t most runners get knee osteoarthritis? a case for per-unit-distance loads. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 46(3), 572-579.
  • 13. Hollander, K., Heidt, C., Van Der Zwaard, B. C., Braumann, K. M., & Zech, A. (2017). Long-term effects of habitual barefoot running and walking: A systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 49(4), 752-762.
  • 14. Sobhani, S., van den Heuvel, E. R., Dekker, R., Postema, K., Kluitenberg, B., Bredeweg, S. W., & Hijmans, J. M. (2017). Biomechanics of running with rocker shoes. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 20(1), 38-44.
  • 15. Chen TLW, Sze LKY, Davis IS, Cheung RTH. (2016). Effects of training in minimalist shoes on the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle volume. Clin Biomech, 36, 8-13.
  • 16. Cochrum, R. G., Connors, R. T., Coons, J. M., Fuller, D. K., Morgan, D. W., & Caputo, J. L. (2017). Comparison of Running Economy Values while wearing no shoes, minimal shoes, and normal running shoes. J Strength Cond Res, 31(3), 595-601. 17. Rice, H. M., Jamison, S. T., & Davis, I. S. (2016). Footwear Matters: Influence of footwear and foot strike on load rates during running. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 48(12) 2462-2468.
  • 18. Francis, P., Ledingham, J., Clarke, S., Collins, D. J., & Jakeman, P. (2016). A comparison of stride length and lower extremity kinematics during barefoot and shod running in well trained distance runners. J Sport Sci Med, 15(3), 417-423.

Biomechanical Factors Affecting Running

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 122 - 127, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.605645

Öz

With the increasing awareness of the benefits of aerobic exercise on healthy lifestyle and quality of life in society, jogging and running are becoming increasingly popular in the community. As participation in these exercises increases, there is a natural increase in the incidence of both acute and chronic injuries related to running. An accurate understanding of the biomechanics of walking and running is important in order to prevent and effectively treat injuries. A proper running gait biomechanics includes the synchronized motion of all components of the kinetic chain. The foot provides adjustment to the ground, balance, proprioception and propulsion needed for take off. Abnormal alignment of the pelvis and the trunk affects body mechanics, consequently cause injuries. Therefore it’s essential to understand the biomechanical effects on all the kinetic chain during running. This article will briefly address the biomechanical differences between walking and running, afterwards, the biomechanical phases that occur in the lower extremity during running will be discussed.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Alsancak, S. (2015). Yürüyüş terminolojisi. Ankara Sağlık Hizmetleri Derg, 14(2), 1-5.
  • 2. Nicola, T. L., & Jewison, D. J. (2012). The anatomy and biomechanics of running. Clin Sports Med, 31(2), 187-201.
  • 3. Dugan, S. A., & Bhat, K. P. (2005). Biomechanics and analysis of running gait. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am, 16(3), 603-621.
  • 4. Tom, N., & Novacheck, T. (1998). Review paper: The biomechanics of running. Gait Posture, 7, 77-95.
  • 5. Chumanov, E. S., Heiderscheit, B. C., & Thelen, D.G. (2007). The effect of speed and influence of individual muscles on hamstring mechanics during the swing phase of sprinting. J Biomech, 40(16), 3555-3562.
  • 6. Elliott, B. C., & Blanksby, B.A. (1979). A biomechanical analysis of the male jogging action. J Hum Mov Stud, 5, 42-51.
  • 7. Preece, S. J., Mason, D., & Bramah, C. (2016). How do elite endurance runners alter movements of the spine and pelvis as running speed increases? Gait Posture. 46, 132-134.
  • 8. Hamner, S. R., Seth, A., & Delp, S. L. (2010). Muscle contributions to propulsion and support during running. J Biomech, 43(14), 2709-2716.
  • 9. Almeida, M.O., Davis, I.S., & Lopes, A.D. (2015). Biomechanical differences of foot-strike patterns during running: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther, 45(10), 738-755.
  • 10. Cheung, R. T. H., Wong, R. Y. L., Chung, T. K. W., Choi, R. T., Leung, W. W. Y., & Shek, D. H. Y. (2017). Relationship between foot strike pattern, running speed, and footwear condition in recreational distance runners. Sport Biomech, 16(2), 238-247.
  • 11. Boyer, E. R., & Derrick, T. R. (2018). Lower extremity joint loads in habitual rearfoot and mid/forefoot strike runners with normal and shortened stride lengths. Journal of sports sciences, 36(5), 499-505.
  • 12. Miller, R. H., Edwards, W. B., Brandon, S. C. E., Morton, A. M., & Deluzio, K. J. (2014). Why don’t most runners get knee osteoarthritis? a case for per-unit-distance loads. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 46(3), 572-579.
  • 13. Hollander, K., Heidt, C., Van Der Zwaard, B. C., Braumann, K. M., & Zech, A. (2017). Long-term effects of habitual barefoot running and walking: A systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 49(4), 752-762.
  • 14. Sobhani, S., van den Heuvel, E. R., Dekker, R., Postema, K., Kluitenberg, B., Bredeweg, S. W., & Hijmans, J. M. (2017). Biomechanics of running with rocker shoes. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 20(1), 38-44.
  • 15. Chen TLW, Sze LKY, Davis IS, Cheung RTH. (2016). Effects of training in minimalist shoes on the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle volume. Clin Biomech, 36, 8-13.
  • 16. Cochrum, R. G., Connors, R. T., Coons, J. M., Fuller, D. K., Morgan, D. W., & Caputo, J. L. (2017). Comparison of Running Economy Values while wearing no shoes, minimal shoes, and normal running shoes. J Strength Cond Res, 31(3), 595-601. 17. Rice, H. M., Jamison, S. T., & Davis, I. S. (2016). Footwear Matters: Influence of footwear and foot strike on load rates during running. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 48(12) 2462-2468.
  • 18. Francis, P., Ledingham, J., Clarke, S., Collins, D. J., & Jakeman, P. (2016). A comparison of stride length and lower extremity kinematics during barefoot and shod running in well trained distance runners. J Sport Sci Med, 15(3), 417-423.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gül Öznur Karabıçak 0000-0003-3248-0638

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Karabıçak, G. Ö. (2021). Koşuyu Etkileyen Biyomekaniksel Faktörler. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 122-127. https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.605645