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Turkish Adaptation of the Social Impact of Sports Scale

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 1051 - 1064, 28.12.2023

Soner Sivri Oğuz Ozbek

https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1252087

Öz

In addition to the physical effect, sports also has various effects on individual and social life in other dimensions. The social effect of sports is one of the significant fields that affect the human being and society besides the physical effect. The aim of this study is to adapt the social impact of sports scale developed by Lee, Cornwell and Babiak into Turkish. Quantitative research method was used in the study. While examining the item-total correlation values of the collected data for scale validity, factor structure was tested with confirmatory factor analysis. The serial approach method was used for scale adaptation. The study group consisted of a total of 340 university students, 186 women and 154 men.. The Turkish version of the Social Impact of Sports Scale consisted of 15 questions and 5 sub-dimensions, just like the original scale. As a result, it can be said that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool in Turkish culture in order to determine the social effects of sports. The study group of this research consisted of university students. It is thought that the use of different study groups in future studies will contribute to the validity and reliability of the Social Impact of Sports scale.

Anahtar Kelimeler

social impact social capital collective identity

Kaynakça

  • Allender, S., Cowburn, G., ve Foster, C. (2006). Understanding participation in sport and physical activity among children and adults: a review of qualitative studies. Health Education Research, 21(6), 826-835.
  • Alpar, R. (2013). Uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemler. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Aydemir, M. A. (2011). Toplumsal İlişkilerin Sosyal Sermaye Değeri (Topluluk Duygusu ve Sosyal Sermaye Üzerine Bir Araştırma). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi, Konya.
  • Aydın, H. İ. (2016). Sosyal sermaye ve kalkınma. Efil Yayınevi
  • Balduck, A. L., Maes, M., ve Buelens, M. (2011). The social impact of the Tour de France: Comparisons of residents’ pre- and post-event perceptions. European Sport Management Quarterly, 11(2), 91–113.
  • Bergheim, S. (2006). Measures of well-being. There is more to it than GDP. Deutsche Bank Research, Frankfurt.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of capital. In: Richardson, J., Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. Westport, CT: Greenwood: 241-58.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (23. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Centre For Social Impact. (2021). Erişim: [https://www.csi.edu.au/about-csi/], Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2021
  • Clarke, M, Islam, S. M. N., ve Paech, S. (2006). Measuring Australia's well-being using hierarchical needs. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 35,933-945.
  • Coleman, J. S. (1994). Foundation of social theory. Harvard University Press.
  • Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik spss ve lısrel uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem.Net
  • Davis, J. L., Love, T. P., ve Fares, P. (2019). Collective social identity: Synthesizing identity theory and social identity theory using digital data. Social Psychology Quarterly, 82(3), 254-273.
  • Doğan, İ. (2015). Farklı Veri Yapısı ve Örneklem Büyüklüklerinde Yapısal Eşitlik Modellerinin Geçerliği ve Güvenirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoistatik Anabilim Dalı, Eskişehir
  • Ellemers, N. (2012). The group self. Science, 336(6083), 848–52.
  • Eurobarometer S. (2014). Sport and physical activity. Special Eurobarometer 412, Brussels: TNS Opinion & Social.
  • Farr, J. (2004). Social capital: A conceptual history. Political Theory, 32(1), 6-33.
  • Goldin, C. (2016). Human capital. In handbook of cliometrics, ed. claude diebolt and michael haupert, 55-86. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Verlag.
  • Gratien, K. R. (2014). An ınvestigation of the concept of ‘capital’, Phd Thesis, Buffalo University Department of Political Science, ABD
  • Hanifan, L. J. (1916). The rural school community center, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 67(1), 130-138.
  • Herrera, R. S., Del Campo, R. L., ve Ames, M. H. (1993). A serial approach for translating family science instrumentation. Family Relations, 42(3), 357-360.
  • Inoue, Y., Filo, K., Heffernan, C., ve Yamaguchi, T. (2018). Social and charitable impacts of a charity-affiliated sport event: A mixed methods study. Sport Management Review, 21(2), 202-218.
  • Institute of Medicine (Board On Neuroscience And Behavioral Health) Committee on Health Literacy. (2004). Health literacy: A prescription to end confusion. National Academies Press.
  • Jarvie, G. (2003). Communitarianism, sport and social capital: Neighbourly insights into Scottish sport'. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 38(2), 139-153.
  • Jones, G. J., Edwards, M. B., Bocarro, J. N., Bunds, K. S., ve Smith, J. W. (2017). An integrative review of sport-based youth development literature, Sport in Society, 20(1), 161-179.
  • Hogg, M. A., ve Reid, S. A. (2006). Social identity, self-categorization, and the communication of group norms, Communication Theory, 16(1), 7-30.
  • Kavetsos, G, ve Szymanski, S. (2010). National well-being and international sports events, Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(2), 158-171.
  • Kline, R.B. (2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (2"''Ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Lawson, H. A. (2005). Empowering people, facilitating community development, and contributing to sustainable development: The social work of sport, exercise, and physical education programs. Sport Education and Society, 10(1), 135-160. DOI:10.1080/1357332052000308800
  • Lee, S. P., Babiak, K, ve Cornwell, T. B. (2013). Developing an instrument to measure the social impact of sport: Social capital, collective identities, health literacy, well-being and human capital, Journal of Sport Management, 27(1), 24-42.
  • Marsh, H. W., Hocevar, D. (1985). Application of confirmatory factor analysis to the study of self-concept: First-and higher order factor models and their invariance across groups. Psychological bulletin, 97(3), 562
  • Marvel, M. R., Davis, J. L., ve Sproul, C. R. (2016). Human capital and entrepreneurship research: A critical review and future directions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 40(3), 599-626.
  • Nutbeam, D. (2017). Discussion paper on promoting, measuring and implementing health literacy-implications for policy and practice in non-communicable disease prevention and control, World Health Organ, 1-29.
  • Oxford English Dictionary (2021). https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/human- capital?q=human+capital [Erişim Tarihi: 26.07.2021]
  • Özçelik, İ. Y., Başpınar S. G., Çekin, R, ve İmamoğlu, O. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yalnızlık düzeyleri üzerine sporun etkisi, Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 12-18
  • Paakkari, L, Kokko, S, Villberg, J, Paakkari, O, ve Tynjala, J. (2017). Health literacy and participation in sports club activities among adolescents, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 45(8), 854-860.
  • Putnam, R. D. (1995). Tuning in, tuning out: The strange disappearance of social capital in America, PS: Political Science & Politics, 28(4), 664-683.
  • Ratzan, S. C. (2001). Health literacy: Communication for the public good, Health Promotion International, 16(2), 207-214.
  • Rees, T, Haslam, S. A., Coffee, P, ve Lavallee, D. (2015). A social identity approach to sport psychology: Principles, practice, and prospects, Sports Medicine, 45(8), 1083-1096.
  • Renson, R. (2009). Fair play: Its origins and meanings in sport and society, Kinesiology, 41(1), 5-18. Rosentraub, M., ve Ilja, A. (2008). Sport Facilities as Social Capital. In the (Ed. Nicholson, M. and Hoye, R) Sport And Social Capital, 339-358
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(8):23-74
  • Songur, M. (2017). Türkiye’de beşeri sermaye ve fiziksel sermaye arasındaki ikame olanakları: Translog üretim fonksiyonu yaklaşımı. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 201-224.
  • Stark, D. R. (2017). A Qualitative Examination of the Social Manifestations of Participating in Fantasy Sports, PhD thesis, University of Kansas
  • Stempel, C. (2006). Gender, social class, and the sporting capital-economic capital nexus. Sociology of Sport Journal, 23(3), 273-292
  • Tabachnick, B. G., ve Fidel L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics: International edition. Pearson 2012.
  • Tajfel, H. (1972). Social Categorization, English Manuscript of La Catégorization Sociale. Introduction à la psychologie sociale, 1.
  • Wann, D. L. (2006). Understanding the positive social psychological benefits of sport team identification: The team identification-social psychological health model. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10(4), 272–296.
  • Yarcı, S. (2011). Pierre Bourdieu’da sosyal sermaye kavramı, Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, Cilt 6(1), 125-135
  • Yetim, A, A. (2015). Sosyoloji ve Spor. Morpa Kültür ve Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Yılmaz, V., ve Çelik H. E. (2009). Lisrel ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi-I. Ankara: Pegem Akademi

Sporun Sosyal Etkisi Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 1051 - 1064, 28.12.2023

Soner Sivri Oğuz Ozbek

https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1252087

Öz

Sporun fiziksel etkisinin yanında diğer boyutlarda da birey ve toplum hayatı üzerinde çeşitli etkileri vardır. Sporun sosyal etkisi, fiziksel etkinin yanında birey ve toplumu etkileyen önemli alanlardan birisidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Lee, Cornwell ve Babiak tarafından geliştirilen sporun sosyal etkisi ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanmasıdır. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Ölçek geçerliği için toplanan verilerin madde toplam korelasyon değerlerine bakılırken faktör yapısı doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile test edilmiştir. Ölçek uyarlaması için seri yaklaşım metodu kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu 186’sı kadın 154’ü erkek olmak üzere toplam 340 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmuştur. Sporun Sosyal Etkisi Ölçeğinin Türkçe versiyonu orijinal ölçek gibi 15 soru ve 5 alt boyuttan oluşmuştur. Sonuç olarak sporun sosyal etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla ölçeğin Türk kültüründe geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir. Çalışma grubu üniversite öğrencilerinden oluşmuştur. Gelecek çalışmalarda farklı çalışma gruplarının kullanılmasının Sporun Sosyal Etkisi ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliğine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sosyal etki sosyal sermaye kolektif kimlik sağlık okuryazarlığı beşeri sermaye

Kaynakça

  • Allender, S., Cowburn, G., ve Foster, C. (2006). Understanding participation in sport and physical activity among children and adults: a review of qualitative studies. Health Education Research, 21(6), 826-835.
  • Alpar, R. (2013). Uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemler. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Aydemir, M. A. (2011). Toplumsal İlişkilerin Sosyal Sermaye Değeri (Topluluk Duygusu ve Sosyal Sermaye Üzerine Bir Araştırma). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi, Konya.
  • Aydın, H. İ. (2016). Sosyal sermaye ve kalkınma. Efil Yayınevi
  • Balduck, A. L., Maes, M., ve Buelens, M. (2011). The social impact of the Tour de France: Comparisons of residents’ pre- and post-event perceptions. European Sport Management Quarterly, 11(2), 91–113.
  • Bergheim, S. (2006). Measures of well-being. There is more to it than GDP. Deutsche Bank Research, Frankfurt.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of capital. In: Richardson, J., Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. Westport, CT: Greenwood: 241-58.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (23. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Centre For Social Impact. (2021). Erişim: [https://www.csi.edu.au/about-csi/], Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2021
  • Clarke, M, Islam, S. M. N., ve Paech, S. (2006). Measuring Australia's well-being using hierarchical needs. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 35,933-945.
  • Coleman, J. S. (1994). Foundation of social theory. Harvard University Press.
  • Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik spss ve lısrel uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem.Net
  • Davis, J. L., Love, T. P., ve Fares, P. (2019). Collective social identity: Synthesizing identity theory and social identity theory using digital data. Social Psychology Quarterly, 82(3), 254-273.
  • Doğan, İ. (2015). Farklı Veri Yapısı ve Örneklem Büyüklüklerinde Yapısal Eşitlik Modellerinin Geçerliği ve Güvenirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoistatik Anabilim Dalı, Eskişehir
  • Ellemers, N. (2012). The group self. Science, 336(6083), 848–52.
  • Eurobarometer S. (2014). Sport and physical activity. Special Eurobarometer 412, Brussels: TNS Opinion & Social.
  • Farr, J. (2004). Social capital: A conceptual history. Political Theory, 32(1), 6-33.
  • Goldin, C. (2016). Human capital. In handbook of cliometrics, ed. claude diebolt and michael haupert, 55-86. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Verlag.
  • Gratien, K. R. (2014). An ınvestigation of the concept of ‘capital’, Phd Thesis, Buffalo University Department of Political Science, ABD
  • Hanifan, L. J. (1916). The rural school community center, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 67(1), 130-138.
  • Herrera, R. S., Del Campo, R. L., ve Ames, M. H. (1993). A serial approach for translating family science instrumentation. Family Relations, 42(3), 357-360.
  • Inoue, Y., Filo, K., Heffernan, C., ve Yamaguchi, T. (2018). Social and charitable impacts of a charity-affiliated sport event: A mixed methods study. Sport Management Review, 21(2), 202-218.
  • Institute of Medicine (Board On Neuroscience And Behavioral Health) Committee on Health Literacy. (2004). Health literacy: A prescription to end confusion. National Academies Press.
  • Jarvie, G. (2003). Communitarianism, sport and social capital: Neighbourly insights into Scottish sport'. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 38(2), 139-153.
  • Jones, G. J., Edwards, M. B., Bocarro, J. N., Bunds, K. S., ve Smith, J. W. (2017). An integrative review of sport-based youth development literature, Sport in Society, 20(1), 161-179.
  • Hogg, M. A., ve Reid, S. A. (2006). Social identity, self-categorization, and the communication of group norms, Communication Theory, 16(1), 7-30.
  • Kavetsos, G, ve Szymanski, S. (2010). National well-being and international sports events, Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(2), 158-171.
  • Kline, R.B. (2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (2"''Ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Lawson, H. A. (2005). Empowering people, facilitating community development, and contributing to sustainable development: The social work of sport, exercise, and physical education programs. Sport Education and Society, 10(1), 135-160. DOI:10.1080/1357332052000308800
  • Lee, S. P., Babiak, K, ve Cornwell, T. B. (2013). Developing an instrument to measure the social impact of sport: Social capital, collective identities, health literacy, well-being and human capital, Journal of Sport Management, 27(1), 24-42.
  • Marsh, H. W., Hocevar, D. (1985). Application of confirmatory factor analysis to the study of self-concept: First-and higher order factor models and their invariance across groups. Psychological bulletin, 97(3), 562
  • Marvel, M. R., Davis, J. L., ve Sproul, C. R. (2016). Human capital and entrepreneurship research: A critical review and future directions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 40(3), 599-626.
  • Nutbeam, D. (2017). Discussion paper on promoting, measuring and implementing health literacy-implications for policy and practice in non-communicable disease prevention and control, World Health Organ, 1-29.
  • Oxford English Dictionary (2021). https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/human- capital?q=human+capital [Erişim Tarihi: 26.07.2021]
  • Özçelik, İ. Y., Başpınar S. G., Çekin, R, ve İmamoğlu, O. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yalnızlık düzeyleri üzerine sporun etkisi, Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 12-18
  • Paakkari, L, Kokko, S, Villberg, J, Paakkari, O, ve Tynjala, J. (2017). Health literacy and participation in sports club activities among adolescents, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 45(8), 854-860.
  • Putnam, R. D. (1995). Tuning in, tuning out: The strange disappearance of social capital in America, PS: Political Science & Politics, 28(4), 664-683.
  • Ratzan, S. C. (2001). Health literacy: Communication for the public good, Health Promotion International, 16(2), 207-214.
  • Rees, T, Haslam, S. A., Coffee, P, ve Lavallee, D. (2015). A social identity approach to sport psychology: Principles, practice, and prospects, Sports Medicine, 45(8), 1083-1096.
  • Renson, R. (2009). Fair play: Its origins and meanings in sport and society, Kinesiology, 41(1), 5-18. Rosentraub, M., ve Ilja, A. (2008). Sport Facilities as Social Capital. In the (Ed. Nicholson, M. and Hoye, R) Sport And Social Capital, 339-358
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(8):23-74
  • Songur, M. (2017). Türkiye’de beşeri sermaye ve fiziksel sermaye arasındaki ikame olanakları: Translog üretim fonksiyonu yaklaşımı. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 201-224.
  • Stark, D. R. (2017). A Qualitative Examination of the Social Manifestations of Participating in Fantasy Sports, PhD thesis, University of Kansas
  • Stempel, C. (2006). Gender, social class, and the sporting capital-economic capital nexus. Sociology of Sport Journal, 23(3), 273-292
  • Tabachnick, B. G., ve Fidel L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics: International edition. Pearson 2012.
  • Tajfel, H. (1972). Social Categorization, English Manuscript of La Catégorization Sociale. Introduction à la psychologie sociale, 1.
  • Wann, D. L. (2006). Understanding the positive social psychological benefits of sport team identification: The team identification-social psychological health model. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10(4), 272–296.
  • Yarcı, S. (2011). Pierre Bourdieu’da sosyal sermaye kavramı, Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, Cilt 6(1), 125-135
  • Yetim, A, A. (2015). Sosyoloji ve Spor. Morpa Kültür ve Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Yılmaz, V., ve Çelik H. E. (2009). Lisrel ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi-I. Ankara: Pegem Akademi
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri, Spor Faaliyetleri Yönetimi
Bölüm Arşiv
Yazarlar

Soner Sivri 0000-0002-7966-2191

Oğuz Ozbek 0000-0003-2405-1622

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 27 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Şubat 2023
Kabul Tarihi 4 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Sivri, S., & Ozbek, O. (2023). Sporun Sosyal Etkisi Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4), 1051-1064. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1252087
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