Anatomy, palynology and seed micromorphology of Turkish rare Verbascum racemiferum Boiss. & Hausskkn Ex Boiss. (Scrophulariaceae)
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 63 - 71, 15.04.2024
Fatma Mungan Kılıç
Murat Kılıç
Öz
Verbascum racemiferum Boiss. & Hausskkn ex Boiss. is a member of the Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) genus known as "Sığırkuyruğu". It is an rare species that grows in Turkey which is a center of endemism for Verbascum species. In this study, the anatomical, palynological and seed micromorphological features of V. racemiferum, which is known to grow only in Mardin in the Southeastern Anatolia region, were investigated for the first time. In the root cross-section, the xylem elements occupy a considerable area. In the stem cross-section, the upper part of the epidermis cells is surrounded by a separate cuticle layer and the pith region covers a large area. The main vein of the leaf is shapped as collateral bundle. Idioblasts were observed in the leaves of V. racemiferum. Pollen grains of V. racemiferum are tricolporate-tricolpate, spheroidal; P/E ratio is 0.96 and exine ornamentation is reticulate. Seeds of V. racemiferum are brown and oblong-ovate to prismatic and alveolate. The apex is acute beak. The seed coat ornamentation is irregular polygonal cells, with densely and distinct vesicles. In addition, this study will be a reference to studies on the genus Verbascum.
Destekleyen Kurum
Scientific Investigation Project to Coordinate of Mardin Artuklu University
Proje Numarası
MAÜ.BAP.22.KMY.011
Teşekkür
We wish to thank Scientific Investigation Project to Coordinate of Mardin Artuklu University (Project No. MAÜ.BAP.22.KMY.011) for financial support. We thank Veysel YILDIZ for their technical assistance with the scanning electron microscopy and photography.
Kaynakça
- [1] Heywood, V.H. (1993). Flowering plants of the world. Oxford Univ. Press.
- [2] Mabberley, D.J. (2008). Mabberley’s plant-book (3th ed., p. 1021). Cambridge, Cambridge University
Press.
[3] Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R., & Tan, K. (1988). Verbascum L.. In P.H. Davis (Ed. ), Flora of Turkey and the East
Aegean, Islands (10 th ed., pp. 191-193). Edinburgh, Edinburgh Univ. Press.
- [4] Karavelioğulları, F.A. (2012). Verbascum L. In: Güner, A. et al. (eds), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler,
pp 850-870). İstanbul, Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını.
- [5] Çakir, T., & Bagci, E. (2006). A taxonomical study on the Verbascum euphraticum Bentham and
Verbascum melitenense Boiss (Scrophulariaceae). Sci Eng J Firat Univ., 18(4), 445-58.
- [6] Minkin, J.P., & Hardy-Eshbaugh, W. (1989). Pollen morphology of the Orobanchaceae and Rhinanthoid
Scrophulariaceae. Grana, 28, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173138909431007
- [7] Juan R., Fernandez, I., & Pastor, J. (1997). Systematic consideration of microcharacters of fruits and
seeds in the genus Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae). Ann. Bot., 80, 591-598.
- [8] Asmat, T. (2011). Pollen morphology of selected species of Scrophulariaceae of District Dir Upper,
Pakistan. J Medic Plants Res., 5(28), 6423-8.
- [9] Al-Hadeethy, M., Al-Mashhadani, A., Al-Khesraji, T., Barusrux, S., Al-Jewari, H., Theerakulpisut, P., &
Pornpongrungrueng, P. (2014). Pollen morphology of Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) in Northern and
Central Iraq. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 21, 159-165. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v21i2.21355
- [10] Öztürk, A., Güney, K.B., Bani, B., Güney, K., Karaveliogullari, F.A., Pinar, N.M., & Çeter, T. (2018). Pollen
morphology of some Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) taxa in Turkey. Phytotaxa, 333(2), 209-18.
- [11] Aktas, K. (2019). Morphology, Anatomy, Palynology and Seed Micromorphology of Turkish Endemic
Verbascum X splendidum Boiss. (Scrophulariaceae). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(12), 10004-
10010.
- [12] Aktas, K., Özdemir, C., & Özdemir, B. (2020). Morphology, Anatomy, Palynology and Seed
Micromorphology of Turkish Endemic Verbascum exuberans Hub.-Mor. (Scrophulariaceae). Planta
Daninha, v38:e020191125. doi: 10.1590/S0100-83582020380100003
- [13] Baser, B. (2021). Pollen and Seed Morphology of Verbascum Species (Group D) (Scrophulariaceae) in
Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 30(7), 8978-8987.
- [14] Attar, F., Keshvari, A., Ghahreman, A., Zarre, S., & Aghabeigi, F. (2007). Micromorphological studies on
Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) in Iran with emphasis on seed surface, capsule ornamentation and
trichomes. Flora, 202(2), 169-75.
- [15] Kheiri, S., Khayami, M., & Mahmoudzadeh, A. (2009). Micromorphological and anatomical studies of certain species of Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) in West Azerbaijan, Iran. Iran J Bot., 15, 105-13.
- [16] Cabi, E., Baser, B., Yavru, A., Polat, F., Toprak, U., & Karaveliogulları, F.A. (2011). Scanning electron
microscope (SEM) and light microscope (LM) studies on the seed morphology of Verbascum taxa
(Scrophulariaceae) and their systematic implications. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5, 660-667.
- [17] Alan, S., & Gökman, A.B. (2015). Investigation of morphological, morphometric and anatomical
characteristics of endemic Verbascum orgyale Boiss. & Heldr. Biological Diversity and Conservation,
8(1), 94-103.
- [18] Tekin, M., & Yılmaz, G. (2018). Anatomical and Palynological Studies on Endemic Verbascum
weidemannianum Fisch. & Mey. (Scrophulariaceae) In Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture,
Forestry and Life Science, 2(2), 6-15.
- [19] Küçük, S., Elmaskaya, A., & Göktürk, R.S. (2021). Endemic Verbascum detersile Boiss. & Heldr.'s
(Scrophulariaceae) Anatomical Features. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 14(3), 390-395.
DOI:10.46309/biodicon.2020.863066.
- [20] Kılıç Mungan, F., & Kılıç, M. (2023). Şanlıurfa'da yayılış gösteren endemik Verbascum stepporum Murb.,
ve Verbascum tenue Hub.-Mor., (Scrophulariaceae) türleri üzerinde anatomik araştırmalar. Biological
Diversity and Conservation, 16(2) , 132-139. DOI: 10.46309/biodicon.2023.1252992
- [21] Bozdağ, B., Kocabaş, O., Akyol, Y., & Özdemir, C. (2016). A New Staining Method for Hand-Cut in Plant
Anatomy Studies. Marmara Pharm J., 20, 184-190. doi:10.12991/mpj.20162044231
- [22] Erdtman, G. (1952). Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy: Angiosperms. Massachusettes, USA,
Chronica Botanica Co.
[23] Wodehouse, R.P. (1935). Pollen Grains, their structure, identification and significance in sci-ence and
medicine. New York, Hafner Publishing Company.
- [24] Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S., & Le Thomas, A. (2007). Glossary of pollen and spore
terminology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 143, 1-81.
- [25] Lersten, N.R., & Curtis, J.D. 2001. Idioblasts and other unusual internal foliar secretory structures in
Scrophulariaceae. Plant Syst. Evol., 227, 63-73.
Türkiye nadir Verbascum racemiferum Boiss. & Hausskkn Ex Boiss. (Scrophulariaceae) anatomisi, palinolojisi ve tohum mikromorfolojisi
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 63 - 71, 15.04.2024
Fatma Mungan Kılıç
Murat Kılıç
Öz
Verbascum racemiferum Boiss. & Hausskkn ex Boiss. "Sığırkuyruğu" olarak bilinen Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) cinsinin bir üyesidir. Tür, Verbascum türleri için endemizm merkezi olan Türkiye'de yetişen nadir bir türdür. Bu çalışmada Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde sadece Mardin'de yetiştiği bilinen V. racemiferum' un anatomik, palinolojik ve tohum mikromorfolojik özellikleri ilk kez araştırılmıştır. Kök kesitinde ksilem elemanları hatırı sayılır bir alan kaplar. Gövde kesitinde epidermis hücrelerinin üst kısmı ayrı bir kütikül tabakası ile çevrelenmiş olup, öz bölgesi geniş bir alanı kaplamaktadır. Yaprağın ana damarı kollateral demet şeklindedir. V. racemiferum' un yapraklarında idioblastlar gözlendi. V. racemiferum' un polen taneleri trikolporat-trikolpat, küreseldir; P/E oranı 0,96 olup ekzin süslemesi ağ şeklindedir. V. racemiferum' un tohumları kahverengidir ve dikdörtgen-oval ila prizmatik ve alveolattır. Tepe noktası keskin gagadır. Tohum kabuğu süslemesi, yoğun ve belirgin keseciklere sahip düzensiz çokgen hücrelerdir. Ayrıca bu çalışma Verbascum cinsi üzerinde yapılan çalışmalara da referans olacaktır.
Proje Numarası
MAÜ.BAP.22.KMY.011
Kaynakça
- [1] Heywood, V.H. (1993). Flowering plants of the world. Oxford Univ. Press.
- [2] Mabberley, D.J. (2008). Mabberley’s plant-book (3th ed., p. 1021). Cambridge, Cambridge University
Press.
[3] Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R., & Tan, K. (1988). Verbascum L.. In P.H. Davis (Ed. ), Flora of Turkey and the East
Aegean, Islands (10 th ed., pp. 191-193). Edinburgh, Edinburgh Univ. Press.
- [4] Karavelioğulları, F.A. (2012). Verbascum L. In: Güner, A. et al. (eds), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler,
pp 850-870). İstanbul, Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını.
- [5] Çakir, T., & Bagci, E. (2006). A taxonomical study on the Verbascum euphraticum Bentham and
Verbascum melitenense Boiss (Scrophulariaceae). Sci Eng J Firat Univ., 18(4), 445-58.
- [6] Minkin, J.P., & Hardy-Eshbaugh, W. (1989). Pollen morphology of the Orobanchaceae and Rhinanthoid
Scrophulariaceae. Grana, 28, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173138909431007
- [7] Juan R., Fernandez, I., & Pastor, J. (1997). Systematic consideration of microcharacters of fruits and
seeds in the genus Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae). Ann. Bot., 80, 591-598.
- [8] Asmat, T. (2011). Pollen morphology of selected species of Scrophulariaceae of District Dir Upper,
Pakistan. J Medic Plants Res., 5(28), 6423-8.
- [9] Al-Hadeethy, M., Al-Mashhadani, A., Al-Khesraji, T., Barusrux, S., Al-Jewari, H., Theerakulpisut, P., &
Pornpongrungrueng, P. (2014). Pollen morphology of Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) in Northern and
Central Iraq. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 21, 159-165. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v21i2.21355
- [10] Öztürk, A., Güney, K.B., Bani, B., Güney, K., Karaveliogullari, F.A., Pinar, N.M., & Çeter, T. (2018). Pollen
morphology of some Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) taxa in Turkey. Phytotaxa, 333(2), 209-18.
- [11] Aktas, K. (2019). Morphology, Anatomy, Palynology and Seed Micromorphology of Turkish Endemic
Verbascum X splendidum Boiss. (Scrophulariaceae). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(12), 10004-
10010.
- [12] Aktas, K., Özdemir, C., & Özdemir, B. (2020). Morphology, Anatomy, Palynology and Seed
Micromorphology of Turkish Endemic Verbascum exuberans Hub.-Mor. (Scrophulariaceae). Planta
Daninha, v38:e020191125. doi: 10.1590/S0100-83582020380100003
- [13] Baser, B. (2021). Pollen and Seed Morphology of Verbascum Species (Group D) (Scrophulariaceae) in
Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 30(7), 8978-8987.
- [14] Attar, F., Keshvari, A., Ghahreman, A., Zarre, S., & Aghabeigi, F. (2007). Micromorphological studies on
Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) in Iran with emphasis on seed surface, capsule ornamentation and
trichomes. Flora, 202(2), 169-75.
- [15] Kheiri, S., Khayami, M., & Mahmoudzadeh, A. (2009). Micromorphological and anatomical studies of certain species of Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) in West Azerbaijan, Iran. Iran J Bot., 15, 105-13.
- [16] Cabi, E., Baser, B., Yavru, A., Polat, F., Toprak, U., & Karaveliogulları, F.A. (2011). Scanning electron
microscope (SEM) and light microscope (LM) studies on the seed morphology of Verbascum taxa
(Scrophulariaceae) and their systematic implications. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5, 660-667.
- [17] Alan, S., & Gökman, A.B. (2015). Investigation of morphological, morphometric and anatomical
characteristics of endemic Verbascum orgyale Boiss. & Heldr. Biological Diversity and Conservation,
8(1), 94-103.
- [18] Tekin, M., & Yılmaz, G. (2018). Anatomical and Palynological Studies on Endemic Verbascum
weidemannianum Fisch. & Mey. (Scrophulariaceae) In Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture,
Forestry and Life Science, 2(2), 6-15.
- [19] Küçük, S., Elmaskaya, A., & Göktürk, R.S. (2021). Endemic Verbascum detersile Boiss. & Heldr.'s
(Scrophulariaceae) Anatomical Features. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 14(3), 390-395.
DOI:10.46309/biodicon.2020.863066.
- [20] Kılıç Mungan, F., & Kılıç, M. (2023). Şanlıurfa'da yayılış gösteren endemik Verbascum stepporum Murb.,
ve Verbascum tenue Hub.-Mor., (Scrophulariaceae) türleri üzerinde anatomik araştırmalar. Biological
Diversity and Conservation, 16(2) , 132-139. DOI: 10.46309/biodicon.2023.1252992
- [21] Bozdağ, B., Kocabaş, O., Akyol, Y., & Özdemir, C. (2016). A New Staining Method for Hand-Cut in Plant
Anatomy Studies. Marmara Pharm J., 20, 184-190. doi:10.12991/mpj.20162044231
- [22] Erdtman, G. (1952). Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy: Angiosperms. Massachusettes, USA,
Chronica Botanica Co.
[23] Wodehouse, R.P. (1935). Pollen Grains, their structure, identification and significance in sci-ence and
medicine. New York, Hafner Publishing Company.
- [24] Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S., & Le Thomas, A. (2007). Glossary of pollen and spore
terminology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 143, 1-81.
- [25] Lersten, N.R., & Curtis, J.D. 2001. Idioblasts and other unusual internal foliar secretory structures in
Scrophulariaceae. Plant Syst. Evol., 227, 63-73.