Öz
Gastrointestinal sistemde trilyonlarca mikroptan oluşan bağırsak mikrobiyotası, insan vücudundaki en büyük mikrobiyal topluluktur. Mikrobiyotanın sağlık ve hastalıklardaki rolü, keşfinden beri çok sayıda çalışmada vurgulanmaktadır. Mikrobiyota, bulunduğu bölgeye bağlı olarak bağırsak, ağız, solunum ve deri mikrobiyotası olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Mikrobiyal topluluklar, konakçı ile simbiyoz halinde olup, besinlerin emilimi, homeostaziye katkı, bağışıklık fonksiyonunun modülasyonu ve vücudu patojenik mikroorganizmalara karşı koruma gibi birçok fizyolojik işlevi yerine getirmektedir. Bununla birlikte, mikrobiyota disbiyozu, vücut fonksiyonlarında düzensizliğe ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, kanserler, solunum yolu hastalıkları gibi birçok hastalığa yol açabilmektedir. Çok sayıda araştırma, bağırsak mikrobiyotası ile bağırsaklar, akciğerler, beyin ve cilt gibi birçok organ arasında çift yönlü bir etkileşim olduğunu göstermiştir. Bağırsak mikrobiyal değişikliği birçok lokal ve sistemik bozukluğunun patogenezinde rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle, klinik olarak bağırsak mikrobiyal simbiyoz/disbiyoz mekanizmalarının anlaşılması önem arz etmektedir. Bu derleme mikrobiyotanın enfeksiyon hastalıklarındaki rolünü araştırma amacıyla yazılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mikrobiyota Disbiyoz Fekal mikrobiyota transplantasyonu C. difficile HIV
Destekleyen Kurum
Destekleyici kurum yoktur.
Proje Numarası
Destekleyici kurum yoktur.
Teşekkür
Yoktur.
Kaynakça
- Agrawal M, Aroniadis OC, Brandt LJ, Kelly C, Freeman S, Surawicz C, et al. 2016. The long-term efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent, severe, and complicated Clostridium difficile infection in 146 elderly individuals. J Clin Gastroenterol, 50(5): 403-407.
- Anwar H, Iftikhar A, Muzaffar H, Almatroudi A, Allemailem KS, Navaid S, et al. 2021. Biodiversity of gut microbiota: Impact of various host and environmental factors. BioMed Res Inter, 2021: 5575245.
- Bilgiç Z, Kayaaslan B. 2021. HIV ile yaşayan bireylerde kronik enflamasyon ve mikrobiyota ilişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 74(1): 10-16.
- Bosco N, Noti M. 2021. The aging gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity. Genes Immun, 22(5-6): 289-303.
- Burke KE, Lamont JT. 2013. Fecal Transplantation for Recurrent C lostridium difficile Infection in Older Adults: A Review. J American Geriat Soc, 61(8): 1394-1398.
- Demirci H. 2019. Fekal Mikrobiyota Transplantasyonu. Tıp Fak Klin Derg, 2(4): 127-129.
- Dinh DM, Volpe GE, Duffalo C, Bhalchandra S, Tai AK, Kane AV, et al. 2015. Intestinal microbiota, microbial translocation, and systemic inflammation in chronic HIV infection. J Infect Dis, 211(1): 19-27.
- Ellis JL, Karl JP, Oliverio AM, Fu X, Soares JW, Wolfe BE, et al. 2021. Dietary vitamin K is remodeled by gut microbiota and influences community composition. Gut Microbes, 13(1): 1887721.
- Gupta S, Allen-Vercoe E, Petrof EO. 2016. Fecal microbiota transplantation: in perspective. Therap Adv Gastroenterol, 9(2): 229-239.
- Huttner BD, De Lastours V, Wassenberg M, Maharshak N, Mauris A, Galperine T, et al, 2019. A 5-day course of oral antibiotics followed by faecal transplantation to eradicate carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect, 25(7): 830-838.
- Jandhyala SM, Talukdar R, Subramanyam C, Vuyyuru H, Sasikala M, Reddy DN. 2015. Role of the normal gut microbiota. World J Gastroenterol, 21(29): 8787.
- Kamada N, Seo SU, Chen GY, Núñez G. 2013. Role of the gut microbiota in immunity and inflammatory disease. Nature Rev Immunol, 13(5): 321-335.
- Khanna S, Pardi DS, Jones C, et al. 2020. RBX7455, a room temperature-stable, orally-administered investigational live biotherapeutic, is safe, effective, and shifts patients’ microbiomes in a phase 1 study for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. Clin Infect Dis, 73(7): e1613-e1620.
- Kim KO, Gluck M. 2019. Fecal microbiota transplantation: an update on clinical practice. Clin Endoscop, 52(2): 137-143.
- Lloyd-Price J, Abu-Ali G, Huttenhower C. 2016. The healthy human microbiome. Genome Med. 8(1):1–11.
- Lu W, Feng Y, Jing F, Han Y, Lyu N, Liu F, et al. 2018. Association between gut microbiota and CD4 recovery in HIV-1 infected patients. Front Microb, 9: 1451.
- Martín-Peláez S, Cano-Ibáñez N, Pinto-Gallardo M, Amezcua-Prieto C. (2022). The impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics during pregnancy or lactation on the intestinal microbiota of children born by cesarean section: A systematic review. Nutrients, 14(2): 341.
- Napolitano M, Covasa M. 2020. Microbiota transplant in the treatment of obesity and diabetes: current and future perspectives. Front Microbiol, 11: 590370.
- Nicco C, Paule A, Konturek P, Edeas M. 2020. From donor to patient: collection, preparation and cryopreservation of fecal samples for fecal microbiota transplantation. Diseases, 8(2): 9.
- Qin J, Li, R, Raes J, Arumugam M, Burgdorf KS, Manichanh C, Wang, J. 2010. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature, 464(7285): 59-65.
- Reygner J, Charrueau C, Delannoy J, Mayeur C, Robert V, Cuinat C, Kapel N. 2020. Freeze-dried fecal samples are biologically active after long-lasting storage and suited to fecal microbiota transplantation in a preclinical murine model of Clostridioides difficile infection. Gut Microbes, 11(5): 1405-1422.
- Ryan MJ, Schloter M, Berg G, Kostic T, Kinkel LL, Eversole K, et al. 2021. Development of microbiome biobanks–challenges and opportunities: (Trends in Microbiology 29, 89–92; 2021). Trends Microbiol, 29(4): 378.
- Salami M. 2021. Interplay of good bacteria and central nervous system: cognitive aspects and mechanistic considerations. Front Neurosci, 25.
- Schären OP, Hapfelmeier S. 2021. Robust microbe immune recognition in the intestinal mucosa. Genes Immun, 22(5-6): 268-275.
- Serrano-Vıllar S, Talavera-Rodríguez A, José Gosalbes M, Madrid N, Pérez-Molina JA, Elliott RJ, et al. 2021. Fecal microbiota transplantation in HIV: A pilot placebe-controlled study. Nature Communicat, 12(1): 1-13.
- Uygun A. 2017. Fekal Mikrobiyota Transplantasyonu (FMT). J Biotechnol Strat Health Res, 1: 132-140.
- Wu J, Wang K, Wang X, Pang Y, Jiang C. 2021. The role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in metabolic diseases. Protein Cell, 12: 360-373.
Öz
The gut microbiota, made up of trillions of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract, is the largest microbial community in the human body. The role of microbiota in health and disease has been emphasized in numerous studies since its discovery. Microbiota is classified as intestinal, oral, respiratory and skin microbiota depending on the region. Microbial communities are in symbiosis with the host and perform many physiological functions such as absorption of nutrients, contribution to homeostasis, modulation of immune function, and protection of the body against pathogenic microorganisms. However, microbiota dysbiosis can lead to irregularity in body functions and many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and respiratory diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated a bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and many organs such as the gut, lungs, brain, and skin. Intestinal microbial changes play a role in the pathogenesis of many local and systemic disorders. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms of intestinal microbial symbiosis/dysbiosis clinically. This review was written to investigate the role of microbiota in infectious diseases.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Microbiota Dysbiosis Fecal Microbiota Transplantation C. difficile HIV
Proje Numarası
Destekleyici kurum yoktur.
Kaynakça
- Agrawal M, Aroniadis OC, Brandt LJ, Kelly C, Freeman S, Surawicz C, et al. 2016. The long-term efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent, severe, and complicated Clostridium difficile infection in 146 elderly individuals. J Clin Gastroenterol, 50(5): 403-407.
- Anwar H, Iftikhar A, Muzaffar H, Almatroudi A, Allemailem KS, Navaid S, et al. 2021. Biodiversity of gut microbiota: Impact of various host and environmental factors. BioMed Res Inter, 2021: 5575245.
- Bilgiç Z, Kayaaslan B. 2021. HIV ile yaşayan bireylerde kronik enflamasyon ve mikrobiyota ilişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 74(1): 10-16.
- Bosco N, Noti M. 2021. The aging gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity. Genes Immun, 22(5-6): 289-303.
- Burke KE, Lamont JT. 2013. Fecal Transplantation for Recurrent C lostridium difficile Infection in Older Adults: A Review. J American Geriat Soc, 61(8): 1394-1398.
- Demirci H. 2019. Fekal Mikrobiyota Transplantasyonu. Tıp Fak Klin Derg, 2(4): 127-129.
- Dinh DM, Volpe GE, Duffalo C, Bhalchandra S, Tai AK, Kane AV, et al. 2015. Intestinal microbiota, microbial translocation, and systemic inflammation in chronic HIV infection. J Infect Dis, 211(1): 19-27.
- Ellis JL, Karl JP, Oliverio AM, Fu X, Soares JW, Wolfe BE, et al. 2021. Dietary vitamin K is remodeled by gut microbiota and influences community composition. Gut Microbes, 13(1): 1887721.
- Gupta S, Allen-Vercoe E, Petrof EO. 2016. Fecal microbiota transplantation: in perspective. Therap Adv Gastroenterol, 9(2): 229-239.
- Huttner BD, De Lastours V, Wassenberg M, Maharshak N, Mauris A, Galperine T, et al, 2019. A 5-day course of oral antibiotics followed by faecal transplantation to eradicate carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect, 25(7): 830-838.
- Jandhyala SM, Talukdar R, Subramanyam C, Vuyyuru H, Sasikala M, Reddy DN. 2015. Role of the normal gut microbiota. World J Gastroenterol, 21(29): 8787.
- Kamada N, Seo SU, Chen GY, Núñez G. 2013. Role of the gut microbiota in immunity and inflammatory disease. Nature Rev Immunol, 13(5): 321-335.
- Khanna S, Pardi DS, Jones C, et al. 2020. RBX7455, a room temperature-stable, orally-administered investigational live biotherapeutic, is safe, effective, and shifts patients’ microbiomes in a phase 1 study for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. Clin Infect Dis, 73(7): e1613-e1620.
- Kim KO, Gluck M. 2019. Fecal microbiota transplantation: an update on clinical practice. Clin Endoscop, 52(2): 137-143.
- Lloyd-Price J, Abu-Ali G, Huttenhower C. 2016. The healthy human microbiome. Genome Med. 8(1):1–11.
- Lu W, Feng Y, Jing F, Han Y, Lyu N, Liu F, et al. 2018. Association between gut microbiota and CD4 recovery in HIV-1 infected patients. Front Microb, 9: 1451.
- Martín-Peláez S, Cano-Ibáñez N, Pinto-Gallardo M, Amezcua-Prieto C. (2022). The impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics during pregnancy or lactation on the intestinal microbiota of children born by cesarean section: A systematic review. Nutrients, 14(2): 341.
- Napolitano M, Covasa M. 2020. Microbiota transplant in the treatment of obesity and diabetes: current and future perspectives. Front Microbiol, 11: 590370.
- Nicco C, Paule A, Konturek P, Edeas M. 2020. From donor to patient: collection, preparation and cryopreservation of fecal samples for fecal microbiota transplantation. Diseases, 8(2): 9.
- Qin J, Li, R, Raes J, Arumugam M, Burgdorf KS, Manichanh C, Wang, J. 2010. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature, 464(7285): 59-65.
- Reygner J, Charrueau C, Delannoy J, Mayeur C, Robert V, Cuinat C, Kapel N. 2020. Freeze-dried fecal samples are biologically active after long-lasting storage and suited to fecal microbiota transplantation in a preclinical murine model of Clostridioides difficile infection. Gut Microbes, 11(5): 1405-1422.
- Ryan MJ, Schloter M, Berg G, Kostic T, Kinkel LL, Eversole K, et al. 2021. Development of microbiome biobanks–challenges and opportunities: (Trends in Microbiology 29, 89–92; 2021). Trends Microbiol, 29(4): 378.
- Salami M. 2021. Interplay of good bacteria and central nervous system: cognitive aspects and mechanistic considerations. Front Neurosci, 25.
- Schären OP, Hapfelmeier S. 2021. Robust microbe immune recognition in the intestinal mucosa. Genes Immun, 22(5-6): 268-275.
- Serrano-Vıllar S, Talavera-Rodríguez A, José Gosalbes M, Madrid N, Pérez-Molina JA, Elliott RJ, et al. 2021. Fecal microbiota transplantation in HIV: A pilot placebe-controlled study. Nature Communicat, 12(1): 1-13.
- Uygun A. 2017. Fekal Mikrobiyota Transplantasyonu (FMT). J Biotechnol Strat Health Res, 1: 132-140.
- Wu J, Wang K, Wang X, Pang Y, Jiang C. 2021. The role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in metabolic diseases. Protein Cell, 12: 360-373.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | İç Hastalıkları |
| Bölüm | Derleme |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | Destekleyici kurum yoktur. |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 8 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Temmuz 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 3 Mayıs 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 1 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3 |
