Üniversite Hastanesine Başvuran Çocuklarda COVID-19 Pandemisi İlaç Dışı Müdahalelerin Üst Solunum Yolu Enfeksiyonlarına Etkisi
Öz
Amaç: 6-18 yaş grubu çocuklarda COVID-19 pandemisine karşı alınan farmakolojik olmayan önlemlerin üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu (ÜSYE) sıklığına etkisini tespit etmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma kesitsel tiptedir. Örnek büyüklüğü 316 kişi olarak hesaplanmıştır. Katılım oranı %84,81’dir (n= 268). Araştırmanın bağımlı değişkeni son bir yılda ÜSYE geçirme; bağımsız değişkenleri sosyodemografik özellikler, ÜSYE ile ilgili özellikler, COVID-19 pandemisi ile ilgili alınan önlemlerdir. Veriler üniversite hastanesi pediatri polikliniğine başvuran kişilerden toplandı.
Bulgular: Araştırma grubundaki çocuklarda son bir yılda ÜSYE geçirme sıklığı %36,6’dır ve pandemi öncesine göre ÜSYE görülme sıklığı %71,3 düzeyinde azalmıştır.Son bir yılda ÜSYE geçirme durumunu; çocuğun daha önce herhangi bir sebepten hastaneye yatış öyküsünün olması 1,9 kat (%95 GA 1,1- 3,3), çocukta maske kullanımı nadiren/ara sıra olması 2,7 kat (%95 GA 1,2-6,1), hiçbir zaman olması 6 kat (%95 GA 1,5-23,8) arttırmaktadır.
Sonuç: Pandemi öncesine göre çocuklarda ÜSYE görülme sıklığı ebeveynlerden alınan veriye göre %71,3 düzeyinde azalmıştır. Çalışmada, COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde uygulanan halk sağlığı önlemlerinden sadece maske kullanmanın ÜSYE sıklığındaki azalmada etkili olduğunu, çocuklarda maske kullanımının toplumda teşvik edilmesi gerektiğini belirlemiştir. Hastaneye yatış öyküsü olan çocuklara ortak alanlarda maske verilmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
COVID-19 Üst Solunum Yolu Enfeksiyonu Prevalans Sosyal Mesafe Maske
Kaynakça
- 1. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 52 [Internet]. [cited 2021 Dec 22]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331476
- 2. BALCI Y, ÇETİN G. COVID-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNİN TÜRKİYE’DE İSTİHDAMA ETKİLERİ VE KAMU AÇISINDAN ALINMASI GEREKEN TEDBİRLER. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi [Internet]. 2020 Jun 27 [cited 2021 Dec 22];19(37):40–58. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iticusbe/752714
- 3. Butler CC, Robling M, Prout H, Hood K, Kinnersley P. Management of suspected acute viral upper respiratory tract infection in children with intranasal sodium cromoglicate: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2002 Jun 22;359(9324):2153–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09091-8
- 4. Gwaltney, J. M., Phillips, C. D., Miller, R. D., & Riker, D. K. (1994). Computed Tomographic Study of the Common Cold. New England Journal of Medicine, 330(1), 25–30. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199401063300105
- 5. Dehning J, Zierenberg J, Spitzner FP, Wibral M, Neto JP, Wilczek M, et al. Inferring change points in the COVID-19 spreading reveals the effectiveness of interventions. Science [Internet]. 2020 Apr 2 [cited 2021 Dec 22];369(6500). Available from: http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.01105 doi: 10.1126/science.abb9789
- 6. Lee H, Lee H, Song KH, Kim ES, Park JS, Jung J, et al. Impact of Public Health Interventions on Seasonal Influenza Activity During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea. Clinical Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2021 Jul 1 [cited 2021 Dec 22];73(1):e132–40. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/73/1/e132/5848838 doi: 10.1093/CID/CIAA672
- 7. Olsen SJ, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Budd AP, Brammer L, Sullivan S, Pineda RF, et al. Decreased influenza activity during the COVID-19 pandemic—United States, Australia, Chile, and South Africa, 2020. American Journal of Transplantation [Internet]. 2020 Dec 1 [cited 2021 Dec 22];20(12):3681–5. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ajt.16381
- 8. Friedrich F, Ongaratto R, Scotta MC, Veras TN, Stein RT, Lumertz MS, et al. Early Impact of Social Distancing in Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Hospitalizations for Acute Bronchiolitis in Infants in Brazil. Clinical Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2021 Jun 15 [cited 2021 Dec 22];72(12):2071–5. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/72/12/2071/5912563 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1458
- 9. Yeoh DK, Foley DA, Minney-Smith CA, Martin AC, MacE AO, Sikazwe CT, et al. Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Public Health Measures on Detections of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children during the 2020 Australian Winter. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021 Jun 15;72(12):2199–202. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1475
- 10. Zhu Y, Li W, Yang B, Qian R, Wu F, He X, et al. Epidemiological and virological characteristics of respiratory tract infections in children during COVID-19 outbreak. BMC Pediatrics [Internet]. 2021 Dec 1 [cited 2021 Dec 22];21(1):1–8. Available from: https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-021-02654-8 doi: 10.1186/S12887-021-02654-8/FIGURES/2
- 11. Boratav K. İstanbul ve Anadolu’dan Sınıf Profilleri - Korkut Boratav - 9789755334141 - Kitap | imge.com.tr [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Dec 22]. p. 33–60. Available from: https://www.imge.com.tr/kitap/istanbul-ve-anadolu-dan-sinif-profilleri-korkut-boratav-9789755334141
- 12. Cinaroglu S. Prevalence of upper respiratory tract infections and associated factors among children in Turkey. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1 [cited 2021 Dec 22];25(1):e12276. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jspn.12276 doi: 10.1111/jspn.12276
- 13. Lin CF, Huang YH, Cheng CY, Wu KH, Tang KS, Chiu IM. Public Health Interventions for the COVID-19 Pandemic Reduce Respiratory Tract Infection-Related Visits at Pediatric Emergency Departments in Taiwan. Frontiers in Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Dec 16 [cited 2021 Dec 22];8:604089. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7772199/ doi: 10.3389/FPUBH.2020.604089
- 14. Huang QS, Wood T, Jelley L, Jennings T, Jefferies S, Daniells K, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza and other respiratory viral infections in New Zealand. Nature Communications 2021 12:1 [Internet]. 2021 Feb 12 [cited 2021 Dec 22];12(1):1–7. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21157-9 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21157-9
- 15. Oh D-Y, Buda S, Biere B, Reiche J, Schlosser F, Duwe S, et al. Trends in respiratory virus circulation following COVID-19-targeted nonpharmaceutical interventions in Germany, January - September 2020: Analysis of national surveillance data. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. 2021 Jul 1;6:100112. doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100112
- 16. Aldırmaz S, Yücel E, Kıykım A, Çokuğraş H, Akçakaya N, Camcioğlu Y. Profile of the patients who present to immunology outpatient clinics because of frequent infections. Turk Pediatri Arsivi. 2014 Sep 1;49(3):210–6. doi: 10.5152/tpa.2014.1810
COVID-19 Pandemic Effect of Non-Drug Interventions on Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Admitted to University Hospital
Öz
Aim: To determine effects of non-pharmaceutical COVID-19 precaution measures on the frequency of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in children aged 6-18.
Materials And Methods: The research is of cross-sectional type. The sample size was calculated as 316 people. The participation rate is 84.81% (n= 268). The dependent variable of the study is URTI in the last year; The independent variables are sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics related to URTI, and measures taken regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected from the people who applied to the university hospital pediatrics polyclinic.
Results: The frequency of URTI in children in the study group in the last year is 36.6% and compared to the pre-pandemic period, the frequency of URTI has decreased by 71.3%. Previous history of hospitalization for any reason increases the status of having URTI in the last year by 1.9 times (95% CI 1.1- 3.3); mask usage in the child being rarely/occasionally increases the status of having URTI in the last year by 2.7 times (95% CI 1.2-6.1), mask usage never increasing status of having URTI in last one year by 6 times (%95 CI 1.5-23.8) increase.
Conclusion: Compared to the pre-pandemic period, the frequancy of URTI in children decreased by 71.3% according to the data received from parents. In the study,it was determined that using only the masks from the public health measures applied during the COVID-19 pandemic was effective in reducing the frequency of upper respiratory tract infection and that the use of masks in the community, especially in children, should be encouraged. Children with a history of hospitalization should be provided with masks in public areas.
Anahtar Kelimeler
COVID-19 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection prevalence Social Distancing Mask
Kaynakça
- 1. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 52 [Internet]. [cited 2021 Dec 22]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331476
- 2. BALCI Y, ÇETİN G. COVID-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNİN TÜRKİYE’DE İSTİHDAMA ETKİLERİ VE KAMU AÇISINDAN ALINMASI GEREKEN TEDBİRLER. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi [Internet]. 2020 Jun 27 [cited 2021 Dec 22];19(37):40–58. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iticusbe/752714
- 3. Butler CC, Robling M, Prout H, Hood K, Kinnersley P. Management of suspected acute viral upper respiratory tract infection in children with intranasal sodium cromoglicate: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2002 Jun 22;359(9324):2153–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09091-8
- 4. Gwaltney, J. M., Phillips, C. D., Miller, R. D., & Riker, D. K. (1994). Computed Tomographic Study of the Common Cold. New England Journal of Medicine, 330(1), 25–30. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199401063300105
- 5. Dehning J, Zierenberg J, Spitzner FP, Wibral M, Neto JP, Wilczek M, et al. Inferring change points in the COVID-19 spreading reveals the effectiveness of interventions. Science [Internet]. 2020 Apr 2 [cited 2021 Dec 22];369(6500). Available from: http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.01105 doi: 10.1126/science.abb9789
- 6. Lee H, Lee H, Song KH, Kim ES, Park JS, Jung J, et al. Impact of Public Health Interventions on Seasonal Influenza Activity During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea. Clinical Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2021 Jul 1 [cited 2021 Dec 22];73(1):e132–40. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/73/1/e132/5848838 doi: 10.1093/CID/CIAA672
- 7. Olsen SJ, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Budd AP, Brammer L, Sullivan S, Pineda RF, et al. Decreased influenza activity during the COVID-19 pandemic—United States, Australia, Chile, and South Africa, 2020. American Journal of Transplantation [Internet]. 2020 Dec 1 [cited 2021 Dec 22];20(12):3681–5. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ajt.16381
- 8. Friedrich F, Ongaratto R, Scotta MC, Veras TN, Stein RT, Lumertz MS, et al. Early Impact of Social Distancing in Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Hospitalizations for Acute Bronchiolitis in Infants in Brazil. Clinical Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2021 Jun 15 [cited 2021 Dec 22];72(12):2071–5. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/72/12/2071/5912563 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1458
- 9. Yeoh DK, Foley DA, Minney-Smith CA, Martin AC, MacE AO, Sikazwe CT, et al. Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Public Health Measures on Detections of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children during the 2020 Australian Winter. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021 Jun 15;72(12):2199–202. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1475
- 10. Zhu Y, Li W, Yang B, Qian R, Wu F, He X, et al. Epidemiological and virological characteristics of respiratory tract infections in children during COVID-19 outbreak. BMC Pediatrics [Internet]. 2021 Dec 1 [cited 2021 Dec 22];21(1):1–8. Available from: https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-021-02654-8 doi: 10.1186/S12887-021-02654-8/FIGURES/2
- 11. Boratav K. İstanbul ve Anadolu’dan Sınıf Profilleri - Korkut Boratav - 9789755334141 - Kitap | imge.com.tr [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Dec 22]. p. 33–60. Available from: https://www.imge.com.tr/kitap/istanbul-ve-anadolu-dan-sinif-profilleri-korkut-boratav-9789755334141
- 12. Cinaroglu S. Prevalence of upper respiratory tract infections and associated factors among children in Turkey. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1 [cited 2021 Dec 22];25(1):e12276. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jspn.12276 doi: 10.1111/jspn.12276
- 13. Lin CF, Huang YH, Cheng CY, Wu KH, Tang KS, Chiu IM. Public Health Interventions for the COVID-19 Pandemic Reduce Respiratory Tract Infection-Related Visits at Pediatric Emergency Departments in Taiwan. Frontiers in Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Dec 16 [cited 2021 Dec 22];8:604089. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7772199/ doi: 10.3389/FPUBH.2020.604089
- 14. Huang QS, Wood T, Jelley L, Jennings T, Jefferies S, Daniells K, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza and other respiratory viral infections in New Zealand. Nature Communications 2021 12:1 [Internet]. 2021 Feb 12 [cited 2021 Dec 22];12(1):1–7. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21157-9 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21157-9
- 15. Oh D-Y, Buda S, Biere B, Reiche J, Schlosser F, Duwe S, et al. Trends in respiratory virus circulation following COVID-19-targeted nonpharmaceutical interventions in Germany, January - September 2020: Analysis of national surveillance data. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. 2021 Jul 1;6:100112. doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100112
- 16. Aldırmaz S, Yücel E, Kıykım A, Çokuğraş H, Akçakaya N, Camcioğlu Y. Profile of the patients who present to immunology outpatient clinics because of frequent infections. Turk Pediatri Arsivi. 2014 Sep 1;49(3):210–6. doi: 10.5152/tpa.2014.1810
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Halk Sağlığı, Çevre Sağlığı |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 3 Nisan 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 23 Eylül 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 37 Sayı: 1 |
