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Hemşirelik ve Ebelik Öğrencilerinin Kültürel Duyarlılıklarının Zenofobi İle İlişkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1, 11 - 20, 26.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.53490/egehemsire.980700

Öz

Amaç: Kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve zenofobi konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmak hemşirelik ve ebelik öğrencilerinin nitelikli bakım verebilmelerine katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; hemşirelik ve ebelik öğrencilerinin kültürel duyarlılıklarını ve zenofobi ile ilişkisini incelenmektir.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu araştırmada, 486 hemşirelik ve ebelik öğrencisinden Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Ölçeği (KDÖ), Yabancı Düşmanlığı Ölçeği (YDÖ) ve Yabancı Düşmanlığı Ölçeği-TR (YDÖ-TR) kulalnılarak veri toplanmıştır.Verilerin analizinde tanımlayacı istatistikler, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H ve Spearman korelasyon testlerinden yararlanılmıştır.
Bulgular: KDÖ farklılıklara saygı duyma, etkileşimde özgüven ve zevk alma ile ZÖ toplam arasında negatif yönde; KDÖ tüm puan türleri ile ZÖ aşağılama arasında pozitif yönde ilişki görülmüştür. Ayrıca KDÖ toplam, farklılıklara saygı duyma ve zevk alma ile ZÖ nefret arasında negatif yönde ilişki bulunmuştur. KDÖ zevk alma ile ZÖ korku arasında da negatif yönde ilişki saptanmıştır (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Hemşirelik ve ebelik öğrencilerinin sağlık hizmetlerini sunarken orta derecede kültürel duyarlılığa ve düşük seviyede yabancı düşmanlığı tutumuna sahip oldukları söylenebilir. Öğrencilerin kendisinin ve diğerlerinin kültürel farklılıklarının bilişsel olarak farkında olduklarını ancak duyuşsal açıdan yeterince içselleştirmediklerini, olayları, yaşantıları daha çok kendi kültürleri ekseninde değerlendirme eğiliminde oldukları söylenebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Aslan, G., Kartal, A., Turan, T., Yigitoglu, G., and Kayan, S. (2019). Intercultural sensitivity of university students studying at health-related departments and some associated factors. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 27(2), 188–200. https://doi.org/10.26650/fnjn420577
  • Baksi, A., Sürücü, H., and Duman, M. (2019). Evaluation of the intercultural sensitivity and related factors of nursing students. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing, January. https://doi.org/10.5222/jaren.2019.75046
  • Bozdağ, F., and Kocatürk, M. (2017). Development of xenophobia scale: Validity and reliability analysis. The Journal of International Social Research, 10(52), 615–620. https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2017.1921
  • Bulduk, S., Tosun, H., and Ardıç, E. (2011). Measurement properties of Turkish Intercultural Sensitivity Scale among nursing students. Turkish Clinics J of Medical Ethics, 19(1), 25–31.
  • Bulduk, S., Usta, E., and Dinçer, Y. (2017). Determination of intercultural sensitivity and ınfluencing factors: An example of vocational school of health. Journal of Duzce University Health Sciences Institute, 7(2), 73–77.
  • Campbell, E. K., Kandala, N. B., and Oucho, J. O. (2016). Do education and urbanism really contribute to reduce xenophobia in African societies? Evidence from Botswana. Migration and Development, 7(1), 142–161. https://doi.org/doi: org/10.1080/21632324.2016.1217613
  • Canetti-Nisim, D, Halperin, E., Hobfoll, S. E. and Johnson, R. E. (2006). Xenophobia towards Palestinian citizens of Israel among Russian immigrants in Israel: Heightened by Failure to make gains in a new democratic society (Kellogg Institute, The Helen Institute for International Studies).
  • Ceti̇şli̇, N., Işik, G., Öztornaci, B., Ardahan, E., Uran, B. N., Top, E. D., and Avdal, E. (2016). Intercultural sensitivity of nursing students according to their empathy level. İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Health Science Journal, 1(11), 27–33.
  • Chen, G.M. (1997). A review of the concept of intercultural sensitivity. Paper presented at the Biennial Convention of Pacific and Asian Communication Association, January, Honolulu, Hawaii.
  • Chen, G., and Starosta, W. J. (2000). The development and validation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. Human Communication, 3(1), 3–14. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/com_facpubs
  • Culbertson, P. E. (2009). Xenophobia: the consequences of being a Zimbabwean in South Africa [The American University in Cairo]. https://doi.org/10.2307/368859
  • Durgun, H., Uzunsoy, E., Tümer, A., and Huysuz, K. (2019). Nursing students' intercultural sensitivity and perceptions of characters and values for world citizenship. Ordu University J Nurs Stud, 2(2), 87–95.
  • Foronda, C. (2008). A concept analysis of cultural sensitivity. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 19(3), 207–212.
  • Hjrem, M. (1998). “National identities, national pride and xenophobia: A comparison of four western countries.” Acta Sociologica, 41, 335– 347.
  • Jahoda, G. (2012). Critical reflections on some recent definitions of “culture.” Culture and Psychology, 18(3), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X12446229
  • Kılıç, S. P., and Sevinç, S. (2018). The relationship between cultural sensitivity and assertiveness in nursing students from Turkey. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 29(4), 379–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659617716518
  • Martínez García, J. M., and Martín López, M. J. (2015). Group violence and migration experience among Latin American youths in justice enforcement centers (Madrid, Spain). The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 18, E85. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2015.87
  • Meydanlioglu, A., Arikan, F., and Gozum, S. (2015). Cultural sensitivity levels of university students receiving education in health disciplines. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 20(5), 1195–1204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-015-9595-z
  • Nyamnjoh, F. B. (2006). Insiders and outsiders: Citizenship and xenophobia in contemporary Southern Africa. Zed Books.
  • Öğüt, N., and Olkun, O. E. (2018). Intercultural sensitivity level of university students: Selçuk university example. Journal of Selcuk Communication, 69, 513–525.
  • Ommundsen, R., Van der Veer, K., Yakushko, O., and Ulleberg, P. (2013). Exploring the relationships between fear-related xenophobia, perceptions of out-group entitativity, and social contact in Norway. Psychological Reports, 112(1), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.2466/17.07.21.PR0.112.1.109-124
  • Özmete, E., Yildirim, H., and Duru, S. (2018). Adaptation of the scale of xenophobia to Turkish culture: Validity and reliability study. Journal of Social Policy Studies, 40(2), 191–209.
  • Padir, M. A. (2019). Examining xenophobia in syrian refugees context: the roles of perceived threats and social contact. (Unpublished Doctor of Philosophy' Thesis), Middle East Technical University of the Graduate School of Social Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Rengi, Ö., and Polat, S. (2014). Primary teachers’ perception of cultural diversity and intercultural sensitivity. Journal of World of Turks, 6(3), 135–156.
  • Suleman, S., Garber, K. D., and Rutkow, L. (2018). Xenophobia as a determinant of health: an integrative review. J Public Health Pol, 39, 407–423. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-018-0140-1
  • Tamam, E. (2010). Examining Chen and Starosta’s model of intercultural sensitivity in a multiracial collectivistic country. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 39(3), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2010.534860
  • Tortumluoğlu, G. (2004). Transcultural nursing and the samples of cultural care models. Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing, 8(2), 47–57.
  • Tsai, J. H. C. (2006). Xenophobia, ethnic community, and immigrant youths’ friendship network formation. Adolescence, 41(162), 285–298. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16981617
  • Üstün, E. (2011). Öğretmen adaylarının kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve etnikmerkezcilik düzeylerini etkileyen etmenler [Factors affecting teacher candidates’ intercultural sensitivity and ethnocentrism levels] (Unpublished Master’s Thesis), Yildiz Teknik University of Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • van der Veer, K., Ommundsen, R., Yakushko, O., Higler, L., Woelders, S., and Hagen, K. A. (2013). Psychometrically and qualitatively validating a cross-national cumulative measure of fear-based xenophobia. Quality and Quantity, 47(3), 1429–1444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-011-9599-6
  • van der Veer, K., Yakushko, O., Ommundsen, R., and Higler, L. (2011). Cross-national measure of fear-based xenophobia: Development of a cumulative scale. Psychological Reports, 109(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.2466/07.17.PR0.109.4.27-42
  • Yılmaz, F., and Göçen, S. (2013). Investigation of the prospective primary teachers’ intercultural sensitivity levels in of certain variables. Adiyaman University Journal of Social Sciences, 6, 373–392.
  • Zeisset, M. (2016). The happiest xenophobes on earth: examining anti-immigrant sentiments in the Nordic countries. In Res Publica-Journal of Undergraduate Research (Vol. 21). http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol21/iss1/6http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol21/iss1/6

The Relationships Between Nursing and Midwifery Students’ Cultural Sensitivity and Xenophobia

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1, 11 - 20, 26.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.53490/egehemsire.980700

Öz

Objective: Knowing about intercultural sensitivity and xenophobia benefits nursing and midwifery students by helping them to provide high quality care. This study aims to examine the cultural sensitivity of nursing and midwifery students and its relationship with xenophobia.
Method: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 486 nursing and midwifery students completed the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS), the Xenophobia Scale (XS) and the Xenophobia Scale-TR (XS-TR). In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H and Spearman’s correlation tests were used.
Results: Students' total ISS score average is 79.31 ± 7.20; the average XS score is 45.64 ± 11.18 and the total XS-TR score average is 48.98 ± 13.89. There was found a negative correlation between total ISS, Respect for Cultural Differences, interaction confidence and interaction enjoyment, and total XS-TR; a positive correlation between all types of ISS scores and XS-TR humiliation. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the total ISS, Respect for Differences and Appreciation and XS-TR Hate. Additionally, a negative correlation between the Enjoyment of ISS and XS-TR Fear (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Nursing and midwifery students have moderate cultural sensitivity and low level of xenophobia while providing health services. The students were cognitively aware of their cultural differences and those of others, but they did not internalize them effectively enough and tended to evaluate events and experiences in terms of their own culture.

Kaynakça

  • Aslan, G., Kartal, A., Turan, T., Yigitoglu, G., and Kayan, S. (2019). Intercultural sensitivity of university students studying at health-related departments and some associated factors. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 27(2), 188–200. https://doi.org/10.26650/fnjn420577
  • Baksi, A., Sürücü, H., and Duman, M. (2019). Evaluation of the intercultural sensitivity and related factors of nursing students. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing, January. https://doi.org/10.5222/jaren.2019.75046
  • Bozdağ, F., and Kocatürk, M. (2017). Development of xenophobia scale: Validity and reliability analysis. The Journal of International Social Research, 10(52), 615–620. https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2017.1921
  • Bulduk, S., Tosun, H., and Ardıç, E. (2011). Measurement properties of Turkish Intercultural Sensitivity Scale among nursing students. Turkish Clinics J of Medical Ethics, 19(1), 25–31.
  • Bulduk, S., Usta, E., and Dinçer, Y. (2017). Determination of intercultural sensitivity and ınfluencing factors: An example of vocational school of health. Journal of Duzce University Health Sciences Institute, 7(2), 73–77.
  • Campbell, E. K., Kandala, N. B., and Oucho, J. O. (2016). Do education and urbanism really contribute to reduce xenophobia in African societies? Evidence from Botswana. Migration and Development, 7(1), 142–161. https://doi.org/doi: org/10.1080/21632324.2016.1217613
  • Canetti-Nisim, D, Halperin, E., Hobfoll, S. E. and Johnson, R. E. (2006). Xenophobia towards Palestinian citizens of Israel among Russian immigrants in Israel: Heightened by Failure to make gains in a new democratic society (Kellogg Institute, The Helen Institute for International Studies).
  • Ceti̇şli̇, N., Işik, G., Öztornaci, B., Ardahan, E., Uran, B. N., Top, E. D., and Avdal, E. (2016). Intercultural sensitivity of nursing students according to their empathy level. İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Health Science Journal, 1(11), 27–33.
  • Chen, G.M. (1997). A review of the concept of intercultural sensitivity. Paper presented at the Biennial Convention of Pacific and Asian Communication Association, January, Honolulu, Hawaii.
  • Chen, G., and Starosta, W. J. (2000). The development and validation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. Human Communication, 3(1), 3–14. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/com_facpubs
  • Culbertson, P. E. (2009). Xenophobia: the consequences of being a Zimbabwean in South Africa [The American University in Cairo]. https://doi.org/10.2307/368859
  • Durgun, H., Uzunsoy, E., Tümer, A., and Huysuz, K. (2019). Nursing students' intercultural sensitivity and perceptions of characters and values for world citizenship. Ordu University J Nurs Stud, 2(2), 87–95.
  • Foronda, C. (2008). A concept analysis of cultural sensitivity. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 19(3), 207–212.
  • Hjrem, M. (1998). “National identities, national pride and xenophobia: A comparison of four western countries.” Acta Sociologica, 41, 335– 347.
  • Jahoda, G. (2012). Critical reflections on some recent definitions of “culture.” Culture and Psychology, 18(3), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X12446229
  • Kılıç, S. P., and Sevinç, S. (2018). The relationship between cultural sensitivity and assertiveness in nursing students from Turkey. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 29(4), 379–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659617716518
  • Martínez García, J. M., and Martín López, M. J. (2015). Group violence and migration experience among Latin American youths in justice enforcement centers (Madrid, Spain). The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 18, E85. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2015.87
  • Meydanlioglu, A., Arikan, F., and Gozum, S. (2015). Cultural sensitivity levels of university students receiving education in health disciplines. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 20(5), 1195–1204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-015-9595-z
  • Nyamnjoh, F. B. (2006). Insiders and outsiders: Citizenship and xenophobia in contemporary Southern Africa. Zed Books.
  • Öğüt, N., and Olkun, O. E. (2018). Intercultural sensitivity level of university students: Selçuk university example. Journal of Selcuk Communication, 69, 513–525.
  • Ommundsen, R., Van der Veer, K., Yakushko, O., and Ulleberg, P. (2013). Exploring the relationships between fear-related xenophobia, perceptions of out-group entitativity, and social contact in Norway. Psychological Reports, 112(1), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.2466/17.07.21.PR0.112.1.109-124
  • Özmete, E., Yildirim, H., and Duru, S. (2018). Adaptation of the scale of xenophobia to Turkish culture: Validity and reliability study. Journal of Social Policy Studies, 40(2), 191–209.
  • Padir, M. A. (2019). Examining xenophobia in syrian refugees context: the roles of perceived threats and social contact. (Unpublished Doctor of Philosophy' Thesis), Middle East Technical University of the Graduate School of Social Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Rengi, Ö., and Polat, S. (2014). Primary teachers’ perception of cultural diversity and intercultural sensitivity. Journal of World of Turks, 6(3), 135–156.
  • Suleman, S., Garber, K. D., and Rutkow, L. (2018). Xenophobia as a determinant of health: an integrative review. J Public Health Pol, 39, 407–423. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-018-0140-1
  • Tamam, E. (2010). Examining Chen and Starosta’s model of intercultural sensitivity in a multiracial collectivistic country. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 39(3), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2010.534860
  • Tortumluoğlu, G. (2004). Transcultural nursing and the samples of cultural care models. Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing, 8(2), 47–57.
  • Tsai, J. H. C. (2006). Xenophobia, ethnic community, and immigrant youths’ friendship network formation. Adolescence, 41(162), 285–298. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16981617
  • Üstün, E. (2011). Öğretmen adaylarının kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve etnikmerkezcilik düzeylerini etkileyen etmenler [Factors affecting teacher candidates’ intercultural sensitivity and ethnocentrism levels] (Unpublished Master’s Thesis), Yildiz Teknik University of Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • van der Veer, K., Ommundsen, R., Yakushko, O., Higler, L., Woelders, S., and Hagen, K. A. (2013). Psychometrically and qualitatively validating a cross-national cumulative measure of fear-based xenophobia. Quality and Quantity, 47(3), 1429–1444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-011-9599-6
  • van der Veer, K., Yakushko, O., Ommundsen, R., and Higler, L. (2011). Cross-national measure of fear-based xenophobia: Development of a cumulative scale. Psychological Reports, 109(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.2466/07.17.PR0.109.4.27-42
  • Yılmaz, F., and Göçen, S. (2013). Investigation of the prospective primary teachers’ intercultural sensitivity levels in of certain variables. Adiyaman University Journal of Social Sciences, 6, 373–392.
  • Zeisset, M. (2016). The happiest xenophobes on earth: examining anti-immigrant sentiments in the Nordic countries. In Res Publica-Journal of Undergraduate Research (Vol. 21). http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol21/iss1/6http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol21/iss1/6
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Özgün Araştırma
Yazarlar

Gülgün Durat 0000-0002-9889-3622

Bedia Tarsuslu 0000-0002-4606-2843

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Nisan 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Ağustos 2021
Kabul Tarihi 11 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Durat, G., & Tarsuslu, B. (2022). The Relationships Between Nursing and Midwifery Students’ Cultural Sensitivity and Xenophobia. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.53490/egehemsire.980700