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KAYNAK İLERLEME HIZININ AISI 316L PASLANMAZ ÇELİK LAZER KAYNAKLI BİRLEŞTİRMELERİNİN MEKANİK VE MİKROYAPI ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2, 225 - 235, 30.06.2015
https://doi.org/10.17341/gummfd.49344

Öz

Bu çalışmada, AISI 316L (X2CrNiMo17-12-2) östenitik paslanmaz çelik levhalar CO2 lazer ışını kaynak yöntemi ile birleştirilmiştir. Kaynak işlemi %50 Ar+%50 He gaz korumalı ortamda, 3500W lazer gücüyle ve 90-180-270 cm/dk farklı kaynak ilerleme hızlarında yapılmıştır. Numuneler otomatik olarak alın alına yatay pozisyonda ve ilave metal kullanılmadan birleştirilmiştir. Kaynaklı birleştirmelerin mekanik özelliklerini belirleyebilmek için çekme, çentik darbe ve üç nokta eğme testleri uygulanmıştır. İlave olarak kaynaklı bağlantıların sertlik ölçümü kaynak yönüne dik kesitten gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mikroyapı karakteristikleri ise Optik mikroskop, Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM), Enerji Dağılımlı X-Işını Spektroskopisi (EDS), Elemental haritalama ve X-Işını Difraksiyonu (XRD) vasıtasıyla incelenmiştir. Yapılan bu araştırmanın sonucunda, lazer kaynak ilerleme hızının artmasıyla hızlı soğuma sonucunda mekanik özelliklerin iyileştiği ve kaynak metali mikroyapı morfolojisinin değiştiği tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • ASM, Introduction to Stainless Steels, Materials Park, Ohio, USA, 2000.
  • Davis, J.R., Stainless Steels, ASM International, OHIO, USA, 1994.
  • Smith, W.F., Paslanmaz Çelikler, Mühendislik Alaşımlarının Yapı ve Özellikleri, Cilt 1, Ankara, 169-214, 2000.
  • Tülbentçi, K., Kaluç, E., Geçmişten Günümüze Paslanmaz Çelikler, META, No 20, 47-52, 1992.
  • Cross, H.J., Beach, J., ve Levy, L.S., Manufacture, Processing and Use of Stainless Steel, Institute of Occupational Health, Birmingham University, B 15 2TT, UK., 1999.
  • Benyounis, K.Y., Olabi, A.G., ve Hashmi, M.S.J., “Multi-Response Optimization of CO2 Laser-Welding Process of Austenitic Stainless Steel”, Optics & Laser Technology, Cilt 40, No 1, 76–87, 2008.
  • Csele, M., Fundamentals of Light Sources and Lasers, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2004.
  • Singh, C.S., Zeng, H., Guo, C., ve Cai, W., Lasers: Fundametals, Types and Operations, Nanomaterials: Processing and Characterization With Lasers, First Edition, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012.
  • Durmuş, H., CO2 Lazer Kaynağıyla Birleştirilmiş Al. Matriksli Kompozitlerin Kaynak Bölgesinin Mekanik Özellikleri, Doktora Tezi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2006.
  • Kou, S., Welding Metallurgy, Second Editon, A John Wiley & Sons, INC., Publication, Hoboken, 2003.
  • Çelen, S., “Paslanmaz Çeliklerin Lazer Kaynağında Kaynak Parametrelerinin Bağlantının Dayanım ve Korozyon Özelliklerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 9 Eylül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2006.
  • El-Batahgy, A., “Effect of Laser Welding Parameters on Fusion Zone Shape and Solidification Structure of Austenitic Stainless Steels”, Materials Letters, Cilt 32, No 2-3, 155-163, 1997.
  • Cunat, P., The Welding of Stainless Steel, Materials and Applications Series, Cilt 3, Second Edition, Euro Inox, Cilt , Luxembourg, 2007.
  • Balasubramanian, K.R., Siva Shanmugam, S., ve Buvanashekaran G., “Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Laser Beam Welding of AISI 304 Stainless Steel, Advences and Production Engineering & Management, Cilt 3, No 2, 93-105, 2008.
  • Duley, W. W., Laser Processing and Analysis of Materials, Plenum Press, New York, 1983.
  • Pawlak, S.J. ve Dudek, S., “The High Alloy Precipitation Hardening Martensitic Steels and Their Suitability for Welding”, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, Cilt 41, No 2, 69-76, 2010.
  • Ren, D., Liu, L., ve Li, Y., “Investigation on Overlap Joining of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy: Laser Welding, Adhesive Bonding, and Laser Weld Bonding” Int J Adv Manuf Technol, Cilt 61, No 1-4, 195–204, 2012.
  • Ventrella, A., Berretta, J.R., ve Rossi, W., “Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Seam Welding of AISI 316L Stainless Steel Thin Foils”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol 210, No 14, 2010.
  • Missori, S. ve Koerber, C., “Laser Beam Welding Austenitic–Ferritic Transition Joints”, Welding Research Supplement, Cilt 76, No 3, 1997.
  • Kwok, C.T., Fong, S.L., Cheng, F.T ve Man, H.C., “Pitting and Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of Laser-Welded Stainless Steels”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Cilt 176, No 1-3, 168–178., 2006.
  • Köse, C. ve Kaçar, R., “Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel”, Materials Testing, Cilt 56, No 10, 779-785, 2014.
  • Köse, C. ve Kaçar, R., “The Effect of Preheat & Post Weld Heat Treatment on the Laser Weldability of AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel”, Materials and Design, Cilt 64, 221-226, 2014.
  • Dadfar, M., Fathi, M.H., ve Saatchi, A., “Effect of TIG Welding on Corrosion Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel”, Materials Letters, Cilt 61, No 11-12, 2343–2346, 2007.
  • Samanta, S.K., Mitra, S.K., ve Pal, T.K., “Microstructure and Oxidation Characteristics of Laser and GTAW Weldments in Austenitic Stainless Steels”, JMEPEG, Cilt 17, No 6, 908–914, 2008.
  • Venkataraman, S. ve Devletian, H., “Rapid Solidification of Stainless Steels by Capacitor Discharge Welding”, Supplement to The Welding Journal, AWS Welding Research, Cilt 67, No 6, June 1988.
  • ASM Handbook, Welding, Brazing and Soldering, ASM International, Cilt 6, 1187, 1993.
  • Gill, T.P.S., Vijayalakshmi, M., Gnanamoorthy, J.B., ve Padmanabhan, K.A., “Transformation of Delta-Ferrite during the Postweld Heat Treatment of Type 316L Stainless Steel Weld Metal”, Welding Research Supplement, Cilt 65, No 5, 1986.
  • Inoue, H., Koseki, T., Okhita, S., ve Tanaka,T., “Effect of Solidification and Subsequent Ferrite to Austenite Massive Transformation in an Austenitic SS Weld Metal”, ISIJ Int., Cilt 35, No 10, 1995.
  • Sutala, N., Takalo T., ve Moisio,T., Ferritic-Austenitic Solidification Mode in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds, Met. Trans. A, Cilt 11, No 5, 1980.
  • Leone, G.L., ve Kerr, H.W., “The Ferrite to Austenite Transformation in Stainless Steels”, Welding Research Supplement, Cilt 61, No 1, 1982.
  • Shankar, V., Gill, T.P.S., Mannan, S.L., ve Sundaresan, S., “Solidification Cracking in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds, S¯adhan¯a, Cilt. 28, No 3-4, 359–382, 2003.
  • Olson, D.L., “Prediction of Austenitic Weld Metal Microstructure and Properties”, Welding Research Supplement, Cilt 64, No 10, 1985.
  • Lippold, J.C., ve Kotecki, D.J., “Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels”, John Wiley and Sons, 2005.
  • Ibrahim, O., Ibrahim, S., ve Khalifa, T.A.F.,” Effect of Aging on the Toughness of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steel Weldments”, J.Mater. Sci. Technol., Cilt 26, No 9, 810-816, 2010.
  • Sathiya, P. ve Jaleel, A., “Measurement of the Bead Profile and Microstructural Characterization of a CO2 Laser Welded AISI 904L Super Austenitic Stainless Steel”, Optics & Laser Technology, Cilt 42, No 6, 960–968, 2010.
  • Uzun, R.O. ve Keleş, Ö., “Investigation Effect on Welding Quality of Laser Welding Parameters”, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, Cilt 27, No 3, 509-517, 2012.
  • Çam, M., Erim, S., ve Koçak, M., “Determination of Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Laser Beam Welded Steel Joints”, Supplement to The Welding Journal, AWS Welding Research, Cilt 78, 193, 1999.

EFFECT OF WELDING SPEED ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF LASER WELDED AISI 316L STAINLESS STEEL

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2, 225 - 235, 30.06.2015
https://doi.org/10.17341/gummfd.49344

Öz

In this study, AISI 316L (X2CrNiMo17-12-2) austenitic stainless steel plates were joined with CO2 Laser Beam Welding (LBW) method. The welding process were carried out in 50% Ar+50% He shielding gas atmosphere by using 3500W laser power for 90-180-270 cm/min different welding speeds. The samples were joined autogenously in butt welding position without using filler metal. In order to determine the mechanical properties of welded joints, the tensile, charpy impact and three point bending tests were applied. In addition, the hardness of the welded sample was measured on the cross section. The microstructure characterization of welded samples was carried out using with optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), elementel mapping and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. As a result of this study, it was found that the mechanical properties of AISI 316L weldment recovered and the microstructure morphology of weld metal altered by increasing laser welding speed due to high cooling rate.

Kaynakça

  • ASM, Introduction to Stainless Steels, Materials Park, Ohio, USA, 2000.
  • Davis, J.R., Stainless Steels, ASM International, OHIO, USA, 1994.
  • Smith, W.F., Paslanmaz Çelikler, Mühendislik Alaşımlarının Yapı ve Özellikleri, Cilt 1, Ankara, 169-214, 2000.
  • Tülbentçi, K., Kaluç, E., Geçmişten Günümüze Paslanmaz Çelikler, META, No 20, 47-52, 1992.
  • Cross, H.J., Beach, J., ve Levy, L.S., Manufacture, Processing and Use of Stainless Steel, Institute of Occupational Health, Birmingham University, B 15 2TT, UK., 1999.
  • Benyounis, K.Y., Olabi, A.G., ve Hashmi, M.S.J., “Multi-Response Optimization of CO2 Laser-Welding Process of Austenitic Stainless Steel”, Optics & Laser Technology, Cilt 40, No 1, 76–87, 2008.
  • Csele, M., Fundamentals of Light Sources and Lasers, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2004.
  • Singh, C.S., Zeng, H., Guo, C., ve Cai, W., Lasers: Fundametals, Types and Operations, Nanomaterials: Processing and Characterization With Lasers, First Edition, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012.
  • Durmuş, H., CO2 Lazer Kaynağıyla Birleştirilmiş Al. Matriksli Kompozitlerin Kaynak Bölgesinin Mekanik Özellikleri, Doktora Tezi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2006.
  • Kou, S., Welding Metallurgy, Second Editon, A John Wiley & Sons, INC., Publication, Hoboken, 2003.
  • Çelen, S., “Paslanmaz Çeliklerin Lazer Kaynağında Kaynak Parametrelerinin Bağlantının Dayanım ve Korozyon Özelliklerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 9 Eylül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2006.
  • El-Batahgy, A., “Effect of Laser Welding Parameters on Fusion Zone Shape and Solidification Structure of Austenitic Stainless Steels”, Materials Letters, Cilt 32, No 2-3, 155-163, 1997.
  • Cunat, P., The Welding of Stainless Steel, Materials and Applications Series, Cilt 3, Second Edition, Euro Inox, Cilt , Luxembourg, 2007.
  • Balasubramanian, K.R., Siva Shanmugam, S., ve Buvanashekaran G., “Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Laser Beam Welding of AISI 304 Stainless Steel, Advences and Production Engineering & Management, Cilt 3, No 2, 93-105, 2008.
  • Duley, W. W., Laser Processing and Analysis of Materials, Plenum Press, New York, 1983.
  • Pawlak, S.J. ve Dudek, S., “The High Alloy Precipitation Hardening Martensitic Steels and Their Suitability for Welding”, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, Cilt 41, No 2, 69-76, 2010.
  • Ren, D., Liu, L., ve Li, Y., “Investigation on Overlap Joining of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy: Laser Welding, Adhesive Bonding, and Laser Weld Bonding” Int J Adv Manuf Technol, Cilt 61, No 1-4, 195–204, 2012.
  • Ventrella, A., Berretta, J.R., ve Rossi, W., “Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Seam Welding of AISI 316L Stainless Steel Thin Foils”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol 210, No 14, 2010.
  • Missori, S. ve Koerber, C., “Laser Beam Welding Austenitic–Ferritic Transition Joints”, Welding Research Supplement, Cilt 76, No 3, 1997.
  • Kwok, C.T., Fong, S.L., Cheng, F.T ve Man, H.C., “Pitting and Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of Laser-Welded Stainless Steels”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Cilt 176, No 1-3, 168–178., 2006.
  • Köse, C. ve Kaçar, R., “Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel”, Materials Testing, Cilt 56, No 10, 779-785, 2014.
  • Köse, C. ve Kaçar, R., “The Effect of Preheat & Post Weld Heat Treatment on the Laser Weldability of AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel”, Materials and Design, Cilt 64, 221-226, 2014.
  • Dadfar, M., Fathi, M.H., ve Saatchi, A., “Effect of TIG Welding on Corrosion Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel”, Materials Letters, Cilt 61, No 11-12, 2343–2346, 2007.
  • Samanta, S.K., Mitra, S.K., ve Pal, T.K., “Microstructure and Oxidation Characteristics of Laser and GTAW Weldments in Austenitic Stainless Steels”, JMEPEG, Cilt 17, No 6, 908–914, 2008.
  • Venkataraman, S. ve Devletian, H., “Rapid Solidification of Stainless Steels by Capacitor Discharge Welding”, Supplement to The Welding Journal, AWS Welding Research, Cilt 67, No 6, June 1988.
  • ASM Handbook, Welding, Brazing and Soldering, ASM International, Cilt 6, 1187, 1993.
  • Gill, T.P.S., Vijayalakshmi, M., Gnanamoorthy, J.B., ve Padmanabhan, K.A., “Transformation of Delta-Ferrite during the Postweld Heat Treatment of Type 316L Stainless Steel Weld Metal”, Welding Research Supplement, Cilt 65, No 5, 1986.
  • Inoue, H., Koseki, T., Okhita, S., ve Tanaka,T., “Effect of Solidification and Subsequent Ferrite to Austenite Massive Transformation in an Austenitic SS Weld Metal”, ISIJ Int., Cilt 35, No 10, 1995.
  • Sutala, N., Takalo T., ve Moisio,T., Ferritic-Austenitic Solidification Mode in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds, Met. Trans. A, Cilt 11, No 5, 1980.
  • Leone, G.L., ve Kerr, H.W., “The Ferrite to Austenite Transformation in Stainless Steels”, Welding Research Supplement, Cilt 61, No 1, 1982.
  • Shankar, V., Gill, T.P.S., Mannan, S.L., ve Sundaresan, S., “Solidification Cracking in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds, S¯adhan¯a, Cilt. 28, No 3-4, 359–382, 2003.
  • Olson, D.L., “Prediction of Austenitic Weld Metal Microstructure and Properties”, Welding Research Supplement, Cilt 64, No 10, 1985.
  • Lippold, J.C., ve Kotecki, D.J., “Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels”, John Wiley and Sons, 2005.
  • Ibrahim, O., Ibrahim, S., ve Khalifa, T.A.F.,” Effect of Aging on the Toughness of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steel Weldments”, J.Mater. Sci. Technol., Cilt 26, No 9, 810-816, 2010.
  • Sathiya, P. ve Jaleel, A., “Measurement of the Bead Profile and Microstructural Characterization of a CO2 Laser Welded AISI 904L Super Austenitic Stainless Steel”, Optics & Laser Technology, Cilt 42, No 6, 960–968, 2010.
  • Uzun, R.O. ve Keleş, Ö., “Investigation Effect on Welding Quality of Laser Welding Parameters”, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, Cilt 27, No 3, 509-517, 2012.
  • Çam, M., Erim, S., ve Koçak, M., “Determination of Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Laser Beam Welded Steel Joints”, Supplement to The Welding Journal, AWS Welding Research, Cilt 78, 193, 1999.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ceyhun Köse

Ramazan Kaçar

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Haziran 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Köse, C., & Kaçar, R. (2015). KAYNAK İLERLEME HIZININ AISI 316L PASLANMAZ ÇELİK LAZER KAYNAKLI BİRLEŞTİRMELERİNİN MEKANİK VE MİKROYAPI ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 225-235. https://doi.org/10.17341/gummfd.49344
AMA Köse C, Kaçar R. KAYNAK İLERLEME HIZININ AISI 316L PASLANMAZ ÇELİK LAZER KAYNAKLI BİRLEŞTİRMELERİNİN MEKANİK VE MİKROYAPI ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ. GUMMFD. Haziran 2015;30(2):225-235. doi:10.17341/gummfd.49344
Chicago Köse, Ceyhun, ve Ramazan Kaçar. “KAYNAK İLERLEME HIZININ AISI 316L PASLANMAZ ÇELİK LAZER KAYNAKLI BİRLEŞTİRMELERİNİN MEKANİK VE MİKROYAPI ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 30, sy. 2 (Haziran 2015): 225-35. https://doi.org/10.17341/gummfd.49344.
EndNote Köse C, Kaçar R (01 Haziran 2015) KAYNAK İLERLEME HIZININ AISI 316L PASLANMAZ ÇELİK LAZER KAYNAKLI BİRLEŞTİRMELERİNİN MEKANİK VE MİKROYAPI ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 30 2 225–235.
IEEE C. Köse ve R. Kaçar, “KAYNAK İLERLEME HIZININ AISI 316L PASLANMAZ ÇELİK LAZER KAYNAKLI BİRLEŞTİRMELERİNİN MEKANİK VE MİKROYAPI ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ”, GUMMFD, c. 30, sy. 2, ss. 225–235, 2015, doi: 10.17341/gummfd.49344.
ISNAD Köse, Ceyhun - Kaçar, Ramazan. “KAYNAK İLERLEME HIZININ AISI 316L PASLANMAZ ÇELİK LAZER KAYNAKLI BİRLEŞTİRMELERİNİN MEKANİK VE MİKROYAPI ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 30/2 (Haziran 2015), 225-235. https://doi.org/10.17341/gummfd.49344.
JAMA Köse C, Kaçar R. KAYNAK İLERLEME HIZININ AISI 316L PASLANMAZ ÇELİK LAZER KAYNAKLI BİRLEŞTİRMELERİNİN MEKANİK VE MİKROYAPI ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ. GUMMFD. 2015;30:225–235.
MLA Köse, Ceyhun ve Ramazan Kaçar. “KAYNAK İLERLEME HIZININ AISI 316L PASLANMAZ ÇELİK LAZER KAYNAKLI BİRLEŞTİRMELERİNİN MEKANİK VE MİKROYAPI ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 30, sy. 2, 2015, ss. 225-3, doi:10.17341/gummfd.49344.
Vancouver Köse C, Kaçar R. KAYNAK İLERLEME HIZININ AISI 316L PASLANMAZ ÇELİK LAZER KAYNAKLI BİRLEŞTİRMELERİNİN MEKANİK VE MİKROYAPI ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ. GUMMFD. 2015;30(2):225-3.