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Türk Futbol Takımlarının Avrupa Müsabakalarında Ev Sahibi Olma Avantajı ve Deplasman Dezavantajı

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 61 - 69, 29.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1378119

Öz

Ev sahibi avantajı (HA), takımların kendi sahalarında rakiplerinden daha fazla sayıda maç kazandığı, daha fazla gol attığı anlamına gelen bir kavram olarak kullanılmaktadır. Benzer şekilde, deplasman dezavantajı (AD), takımların deplasmanda rakiplerine kıyasla daha az puan toplaması, gol atması olarak açıklanabilir. Bu çalışmada, Avrupa kupalarında en az 30 maç oynamış 5 Türk takımının, 1991/1992 ve 2022/2023 sezonları arasında oynadıkları toplam 784 maç analiz edilmiş ve takım özelinde HA ve AD değerleri Genelleştirilmiş Tahmin Modelleri kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, beş Türk takımı da Avrupa kupalarında ev sahibi avantajına sahip olup, aynı zamanda deplasman dezavantajı yaşamaktadır. Ayrıca takımlar arasında istatistiksel bir fark bulunmamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, Belçika takımları, Türk takımlarının en fazla ev sahibi olma avantajı yaşadığı ve deplasman dezavantajı yaşamadığı takımlar olarak tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşın, Türk takımlarının en düşük HA değerine ve en yüksek AD değerine Ukrayna takımları karşısında sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma sonuçları, Türkiye deplasmanının tüm Avrupa takımları için zor olduğunu ve Türk taraftar desteğinin daha yüksek olduğu ülkelerde Türk takımlarının yaşadıkları deplasman dezavantajının diğer ülkelere kıyasla daha düşük olduğunu göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Arboix-Alió, J., Buscà, B., Trabal, G., Aguilera-Castells, & Sánchez-López, M. J. (2020). Comparison of home advantage in men’s and women’s Portuguese roller hockey league. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 20(1), 181–189.
  • Armatas V., & Pollard, R. (2014). Home advantage in Greek football. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(2), 116-122.
  • Boyko R. H., Boyko, A. R., & Boyko, M. G. (2007). Referee bias contributes to home advantage in English premiership football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(11), 1185-1194.
  • Brown, T. D., Raalte J. L. V., Brewer, B. W., Winter, A. E. C., & Andersen, M. B. (2002). World Cup soccer home advantage. Journal of Sport Behavior, 25(2), 134–144.
  • Carron, A. V., Loughhead, T. M., & Bray, S. R. (2005). The home advantage in sport competitions: Courneya and Carron’s (1992) conceptual framework a decade later. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23, 395–407.
  • Dawson, P., Dobson, S., Goddard, J., & Wilson, J. (2007). Are football referees really biased and inconsistent? evidence on the incidence of disciplinary sanction in the English premier league. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A - Statistics in Society, 170(1), 231-250.
  • Fischer, K., & Haucap, J. (2021). Does crowd support drive the home advantage in professional football? evidence from German ghost games during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Sports Economics, 22(8), 982–1008.
  • Forrest, D., Beaumont, J., Goddard, J., & Simmons, R. (2005). Home advantage and the debate about competitive balance in professional sports leagues, Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(4), 439-445.
  • Gómez-Ruano, M. A., & Pollard, R. (2021). The home advantage phenomenon in sport: history and development. In M. A. Gómez-Ruano, R. Pollard, & C. Lago-Peñas (Eds.), Home advantage in sports: Causes and the effect on performance (pp. 3–12). Routledge.
  • Gómez, M. A., Pollard, R., & Luis-Pascual, J. C. (2011). Comparison of home advantage in nine different professional team sports in Spain. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 113(1), 150-156.
  • Goumas, C. (2013). Modelling home advantage in sport: a new approach. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 13, 428–439.
  • Goumas, C. (2014) Tyranny of distance: home advantage and travel in international club football. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 14, 1-13.
  • Goumas, C. (2017). Modelling home advantage for individual teams in UEFA Champions League football. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 6, 321–326.
  • Gürkan, O., Göral, K., & Saygın, Ö. (2017). Home advantage in professional soccer: analysis of Turkey 1. League [Profesyonel futbolda ev sahibi olma avantajı: Türkiye 1. Liginin analizi]. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(4), 3292-3299.
  • Han, B., Yang, L., Pan, P., Garcia-de-Alcaraz, A., & Liu, T. (2022). The influence of removing home advantage on the Chinese Football Super League. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 14, 208.
  • Harris, A. R., & Roebber, P. J. (2019). NBA team home advantage: identifying key factors using an artificial neural network. PLoS ONE, 14(7), e0220630. IBM (2019). IBM corp. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
  • Jamieson, J. P. (2010). The home field advantage in athletics: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(7), 1819–1848
  • Jones, M. B. (2018). Differences in home advantage between sports. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 34, 61-69.
  • Kuvvetli, Ü., & Vupa Çilengiroğlu, Ö. (2023). Statistical modelling of home advantage and away disadvantage of Turkish super league teams. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(3), 206-214.
  • Kuvvetli, Ü. (2023). An investigation on home advantage and away disadvantage of teams in TFF 1. League [TFF 1. ligde takımların ev sahibi avantajı ve deplasman dezavantajı üzerine bir araştırma]. Sportmetre, 21, (Special Issue for 100th year), 78-90.
  • Kuvvetli, Ü., & Çilengiroğlu Ö. V. (2024). Home advantage and away disadvantage of teams in champions league: is it valid for all teams and against every opponent? Journal of Human Kinetics, 92, 161-179.
  • Leite, W., Giardina, M., Almeida, C. H., & Pollard, R. (2023). Home advantage in football after moving to a new stadium: evidence from European professional teams. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 21(4), 750-760.
  • Leite, W., & Pollard, R. (2020). Comparison of home advantage between level 1 and level 2 in Women’s Football Leagues. Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education, 4(4), 9–13.
  • Marek, P., & Vávra, F. (2017, June). Home team advantage in English Premier League. Paper presented at Mathsport International 2017 Conference Proceedings/ Padua, Italy.
  • Matos, R., Amaro, N., & Pollard, R. (2020). How best to quantify home advantage in team sports: an investigation involving male senior handball leagues in Portugal and Spain. RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte, 59(16), 12-23.
  • Nevill, A. M., & Holder, R. L. (1999). Home advantage in sport: An overview of studies on the advantage of playing at home. Sports Medicine, 28(4), 221-236.
  • Nevill, A. M., Balmer, N. J., & Mark, W. A. (2002). The influence of crowd noise and experience upon refereeing decisions in football. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 261–272.
  • Öndes, H. (2019). Home ground advantages of Turkey Spor Toto Super League clubs [Türkiye Spor Toto Süper Ligi kulüplerinin ev sahibi olma avantajı], Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 30(2), 74-84.
  • Pic, M. (2018). Performance and home advantage in handball. Journal of Human Kinetics, 63, 61–71. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0007.
  • Pollard, R. (1986). Home advantage in soccer: A retrospective analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 4, 237–248.
  • Pollard, R., Silva, C. D., & Medeiros, N. C. (2008). Home advantage in football in Brazil: differences between teams and the effects of distance traveled. Revista Brasileira De Futebol (The Brazilian Journal of Soccer Science), 1(1), 3–10.
  • Pollard, R., & Gómez M. A. (2009). Home advantage in football in South-West Europe: long-term trends, regional variation, and team differences, European Journal of Sport Science, 9(6), 341-352.
  • Pollard R., & Gómez, M. A. (2014). Comparison of home advantage in men's and women's football leagues in Europe. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(1), S77-S83.
  • Pollard, R., & Gómez, M. A. (2014b). Components of home advantage in 157 national soccer leagues worldwide. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12(3), 218–233.
  • Pollard, R., Prieto, J., & Gómez, M. (2017). Global differences in home advantage by country, sport and sex. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 17(4), 586-599.
  • Pollard, R., & Stefani, R. (2021). The assessment and quantification of the home advantage effect. In M. A. Gómez-Ruano, R. Pollard, & C. Lago-Peñas (Eds.), Home advantage in sports: Causes and the effect on performance (pp. 31–43). Routledge.
  • Ponzo, M., & Scoppa, V. (2016). Does the home advantage depend on crowd support? evidence from same-stadium derbies. Journal of Sports Economics, 19(4), 562-582.
  • Ramchandani, G., Millar, R., & Wilson, D. (2021). The relationship between team ability and home advantage in the English football league system. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 51, 354–361.
  • Rooney, L., & Kennedy, R. (2018). Home advantage in Gaelic football: the effect of divisional status, season and team ability, International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 18(6), 917-925.
  • Seçkin, A., & Pollard, R. (2008). Home advantage in Turkish professional soccer. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 107, 51-54.
  • Sors, F., Grassi, M., Agostini, T., & Murgia, M. (2021). The sound of silence in association football: Home advantage and referee bias decrease in matches played without spectators. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(12), 1597-1605.
  • Wunderlich, F., Furley, P., & Memmert, D. (2021). Home sweet home: theoretical explanations on why the local and local environment affects the performance of home and away teams. In M. A. Gómez-Ruano, R. Pollard, & C. Lago-Peñas (Eds.), Home advantage in sports: Causes and the effect on performance (pp. 44–50). Routledge.
  • Volossovitch, A., & Debanne, T. (2021). Home advantage in handball, In Gómez-Ruano M., & Pollard R., & Lago-Peñas C. (Eds.) Home Advantage in Sport: Causes and the Effect on Performance. Routledge. eBook ISBN:9781003081456.
  • Yonghui, Y., Antonio, G. A., Kai, C., & Tianbiao, L. (2020). Interactive effects of home advantage and quality of opponent in Chinese Women’s Volleyball Association League. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 20(1), 107–117.

Home Advantage and Away Disadvantage of Turkish Football Teams in European Competitions

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 61 - 69, 29.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1378119

Öz

Home advantage (HA) is used as a concept that means teams win more matches and score more goals than their opponents on their home field. Similarly, away disadvantage (AD) can be explained as teams scoring fewer points and scoring fewer goals away than their opponents. In this study, the matches played by 5 Turkish teams, played at least 30 matches in European competitions, between the 1991/1992 and 2022/2023 seasons, a total of 784 matches were analyzed and team-specific HA and AD values were estimated using Generalized Estimation Models. According to the results, all 5 Turkish teams have a significant HA in European competitions, but all teams also experience an AD and there is no difference among the teams in terms of both HA and AD. Furthermore, Belgian teams were found to be the teams where Turkish teams experienced the most home advantage and did not experience an away disadvantage. On the other hand, the teams with the lowest HA value and the highest AD value of Turkish teams were found to be Ukrainian teams. The results of the study show that playing in Türkiye is difficult for all European teams and that the AD of Turkish teams in countries with higher fan support is lower than in other countries.

Kaynakça

  • Arboix-Alió, J., Buscà, B., Trabal, G., Aguilera-Castells, & Sánchez-López, M. J. (2020). Comparison of home advantage in men’s and women’s Portuguese roller hockey league. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 20(1), 181–189.
  • Armatas V., & Pollard, R. (2014). Home advantage in Greek football. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(2), 116-122.
  • Boyko R. H., Boyko, A. R., & Boyko, M. G. (2007). Referee bias contributes to home advantage in English premiership football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(11), 1185-1194.
  • Brown, T. D., Raalte J. L. V., Brewer, B. W., Winter, A. E. C., & Andersen, M. B. (2002). World Cup soccer home advantage. Journal of Sport Behavior, 25(2), 134–144.
  • Carron, A. V., Loughhead, T. M., & Bray, S. R. (2005). The home advantage in sport competitions: Courneya and Carron’s (1992) conceptual framework a decade later. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23, 395–407.
  • Dawson, P., Dobson, S., Goddard, J., & Wilson, J. (2007). Are football referees really biased and inconsistent? evidence on the incidence of disciplinary sanction in the English premier league. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A - Statistics in Society, 170(1), 231-250.
  • Fischer, K., & Haucap, J. (2021). Does crowd support drive the home advantage in professional football? evidence from German ghost games during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Sports Economics, 22(8), 982–1008.
  • Forrest, D., Beaumont, J., Goddard, J., & Simmons, R. (2005). Home advantage and the debate about competitive balance in professional sports leagues, Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(4), 439-445.
  • Gómez-Ruano, M. A., & Pollard, R. (2021). The home advantage phenomenon in sport: history and development. In M. A. Gómez-Ruano, R. Pollard, & C. Lago-Peñas (Eds.), Home advantage in sports: Causes and the effect on performance (pp. 3–12). Routledge.
  • Gómez, M. A., Pollard, R., & Luis-Pascual, J. C. (2011). Comparison of home advantage in nine different professional team sports in Spain. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 113(1), 150-156.
  • Goumas, C. (2013). Modelling home advantage in sport: a new approach. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 13, 428–439.
  • Goumas, C. (2014) Tyranny of distance: home advantage and travel in international club football. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 14, 1-13.
  • Goumas, C. (2017). Modelling home advantage for individual teams in UEFA Champions League football. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 6, 321–326.
  • Gürkan, O., Göral, K., & Saygın, Ö. (2017). Home advantage in professional soccer: analysis of Turkey 1. League [Profesyonel futbolda ev sahibi olma avantajı: Türkiye 1. Liginin analizi]. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(4), 3292-3299.
  • Han, B., Yang, L., Pan, P., Garcia-de-Alcaraz, A., & Liu, T. (2022). The influence of removing home advantage on the Chinese Football Super League. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 14, 208.
  • Harris, A. R., & Roebber, P. J. (2019). NBA team home advantage: identifying key factors using an artificial neural network. PLoS ONE, 14(7), e0220630. IBM (2019). IBM corp. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
  • Jamieson, J. P. (2010). The home field advantage in athletics: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(7), 1819–1848
  • Jones, M. B. (2018). Differences in home advantage between sports. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 34, 61-69.
  • Kuvvetli, Ü., & Vupa Çilengiroğlu, Ö. (2023). Statistical modelling of home advantage and away disadvantage of Turkish super league teams. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(3), 206-214.
  • Kuvvetli, Ü. (2023). An investigation on home advantage and away disadvantage of teams in TFF 1. League [TFF 1. ligde takımların ev sahibi avantajı ve deplasman dezavantajı üzerine bir araştırma]. Sportmetre, 21, (Special Issue for 100th year), 78-90.
  • Kuvvetli, Ü., & Çilengiroğlu Ö. V. (2024). Home advantage and away disadvantage of teams in champions league: is it valid for all teams and against every opponent? Journal of Human Kinetics, 92, 161-179.
  • Leite, W., Giardina, M., Almeida, C. H., & Pollard, R. (2023). Home advantage in football after moving to a new stadium: evidence from European professional teams. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 21(4), 750-760.
  • Leite, W., & Pollard, R. (2020). Comparison of home advantage between level 1 and level 2 in Women’s Football Leagues. Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education, 4(4), 9–13.
  • Marek, P., & Vávra, F. (2017, June). Home team advantage in English Premier League. Paper presented at Mathsport International 2017 Conference Proceedings/ Padua, Italy.
  • Matos, R., Amaro, N., & Pollard, R. (2020). How best to quantify home advantage in team sports: an investigation involving male senior handball leagues in Portugal and Spain. RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte, 59(16), 12-23.
  • Nevill, A. M., & Holder, R. L. (1999). Home advantage in sport: An overview of studies on the advantage of playing at home. Sports Medicine, 28(4), 221-236.
  • Nevill, A. M., Balmer, N. J., & Mark, W. A. (2002). The influence of crowd noise and experience upon refereeing decisions in football. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 261–272.
  • Öndes, H. (2019). Home ground advantages of Turkey Spor Toto Super League clubs [Türkiye Spor Toto Süper Ligi kulüplerinin ev sahibi olma avantajı], Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 30(2), 74-84.
  • Pic, M. (2018). Performance and home advantage in handball. Journal of Human Kinetics, 63, 61–71. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0007.
  • Pollard, R. (1986). Home advantage in soccer: A retrospective analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 4, 237–248.
  • Pollard, R., Silva, C. D., & Medeiros, N. C. (2008). Home advantage in football in Brazil: differences between teams and the effects of distance traveled. Revista Brasileira De Futebol (The Brazilian Journal of Soccer Science), 1(1), 3–10.
  • Pollard, R., & Gómez M. A. (2009). Home advantage in football in South-West Europe: long-term trends, regional variation, and team differences, European Journal of Sport Science, 9(6), 341-352.
  • Pollard R., & Gómez, M. A. (2014). Comparison of home advantage in men's and women's football leagues in Europe. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(1), S77-S83.
  • Pollard, R., & Gómez, M. A. (2014b). Components of home advantage in 157 national soccer leagues worldwide. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12(3), 218–233.
  • Pollard, R., Prieto, J., & Gómez, M. (2017). Global differences in home advantage by country, sport and sex. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 17(4), 586-599.
  • Pollard, R., & Stefani, R. (2021). The assessment and quantification of the home advantage effect. In M. A. Gómez-Ruano, R. Pollard, & C. Lago-Peñas (Eds.), Home advantage in sports: Causes and the effect on performance (pp. 31–43). Routledge.
  • Ponzo, M., & Scoppa, V. (2016). Does the home advantage depend on crowd support? evidence from same-stadium derbies. Journal of Sports Economics, 19(4), 562-582.
  • Ramchandani, G., Millar, R., & Wilson, D. (2021). The relationship between team ability and home advantage in the English football league system. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 51, 354–361.
  • Rooney, L., & Kennedy, R. (2018). Home advantage in Gaelic football: the effect of divisional status, season and team ability, International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 18(6), 917-925.
  • Seçkin, A., & Pollard, R. (2008). Home advantage in Turkish professional soccer. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 107, 51-54.
  • Sors, F., Grassi, M., Agostini, T., & Murgia, M. (2021). The sound of silence in association football: Home advantage and referee bias decrease in matches played without spectators. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(12), 1597-1605.
  • Wunderlich, F., Furley, P., & Memmert, D. (2021). Home sweet home: theoretical explanations on why the local and local environment affects the performance of home and away teams. In M. A. Gómez-Ruano, R. Pollard, & C. Lago-Peñas (Eds.), Home advantage in sports: Causes and the effect on performance (pp. 44–50). Routledge.
  • Volossovitch, A., & Debanne, T. (2021). Home advantage in handball, In Gómez-Ruano M., & Pollard R., & Lago-Peñas C. (Eds.) Home Advantage in Sport: Causes and the Effect on Performance. Routledge. eBook ISBN:9781003081456.
  • Yonghui, Y., Antonio, G. A., Kai, C., & Tianbiao, L. (2020). Interactive effects of home advantage and quality of opponent in Chinese Women’s Volleyball Association League. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 20(1), 107–117.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Faaliyetleri Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Umit Kuvvetli 0000-0002-9567-3675

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 11 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kuvvetli, U. (2024). Home Advantage and Away Disadvantage of Turkish Football Teams in European Competitions. Gazi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(2), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1378119

Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi yılda dört kez yayımlanan bilimsel ve hakemli bir dergidir.


Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences is a scientific and peer-reviewed journal published quarterly.