Araştırma Makalesi
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Investigation of Physical Appearance Perfectionism and Social-Physical Anxiety In College Students

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 55 - 64, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.787026

Öz

This study aimed to compare the physical appearance perfectionism and social physique anxiety scores of university students with respect to different variables and to reveal the relationship between these variables. The study group, which was selected through convenience sampling, consisted of 191 university students, 111 women (Xage = 20.59) and 80 men (Xage = 21.39). This cross-sectional study was planned as a correlational survey model. The “Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale”, and “Social Physique Anxiety Scale” were used as data collection tools. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analyses were performed. The “hope for perfection” subscale of the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale and “comfort with appearance” subscale of the Social Physique Anxiety Scale were negatively correlated (r = -.31; p < .05), while the former showed a positive association with the “expectation of negative evaluation” subscale (r = .16; p < .05). The results of the analysis showed that the participants’ Physical Appearance Perfectionism and Social Physique Anxiety scores did not differ significantly according to gender or course of study (p > .05). The Physical Appearance Perfectionism scores also showed no significant differences based on exercise habits, although the “comfort with appearance” scores of the participants who exercised were significantly higher (t = 2.00; p < .05). Overall, the students who reported an intense striving for perfection were not comfortable with their appearance and expected negative judgment, whereas those engaging in exercise were comfortable with their appearance.

Kaynakça

  • Alemdar, S. & Öncü, E. (2015). Öğretmen Adaylarının Fiziksel Aktiviteye Katılım ve Sosyal Görünüş Kaygılarının İncelenmesi. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (IntJSCS), 3, 287-300.
  • Arabacı, R., Öztürk Kuter, F. & Doğan, A. (2008). Sosyal fizik kaygı ve bazı fiziksel uygunluk özellikler arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması. E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy Health Sciences, 3 (4), 185-193.
  • Birchwood, M., Trower, P., Brunet, K., Gilbert, P., Iqbal, Z., & Jacson, C. (2006). Social anxiety and the shame of psychosis: A study in first episode psychosis. Behaviour Research Therapy, 52: 55–68.
  • Boone, L., Soenens, B., & Braet, C. (2011). Perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and bulimic symptoms: The intervening role of perceived pressure to be thin and thin ideal internalization. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30, 1043-1068.
  • Boone, L., Soenens, B., & Luyten, P. (2014). When or why does perfectionism translate into eating disorder pathology? A longitudinal examination o the moderating and mediating role of body dissatisfaction. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 412-418.
  • Burns, D. D. (1980). The perfectionist’s script for self-defeat. Psychology Today, 14(6), 34-52.
  • Cash, T. F. (2002). Cognitive-behavioral perspectives on body image. In T. F. Cash & T.Pruzinsky (Eds.),Body image: A handbook of theory, research and clinical practice(pp.38–46). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Çepikkurt, F. &Yazgan İnanç, B. (2012). Determining the Role of Perfectionism and Achievement Goals for Competitive Anxiety of College Handball Players, SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2) 43-51.
  • Doğan, T. (2009). Bilişsel ve kendini değerlendirme süreçlerinin sosyal anksiyete açısından incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Sakarya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
  • Doğan, T. (2010) Sosyal görünüş kaygısı ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39:151- 159.
  • Donovan, C. L., Chew, D. & Penny, R. (2014). Perfecting weight restriction: The moderating influence of body dissatisfaction on the relationship between perfectionism and weight control practices. Behavior Change, 31, 189-204.
  • Eklund, R.C., Kelley, B., & Wilson, P. (1997). The social physique anxiety scale: Men, women, and the effects of modifying item 2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19, 188–196.
  • Faytout, M., Tignol, J., Swendsen, J., Grabot, D., & Aouizerate, B., (2005). Social phobia, fear of negative evaluation and harm avoidance. Europen Psychiatry, 21:1-5.
  • Feragen K. B. & Stock N. M. (2018). Factors affecting subjective appearance evaluations among patients with congenital craniofacial conditions: An application of Cash’s cognitive-behavioral model of body image development, Body Image, 24, 124- 136.
  • Frederick, C.M., & Morrison, C.F. (1996). Social physique anxiety: Personality constructs, motivations, exercise attitudes, and behaviors. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82, 963–972.
  • Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C. & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The Dimensional of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14 (5), 449-468.
  • Grammas, D. L., & Schwartz, J. P. (2009). Internalization of messages from society and perfectionism as predictors of male body image. Body Image, 6, 31–36
  • Haase, A.M., & Prapavessis, H. (2001). Social physique anxiety and eating attitudes in female athletic and non-athletic groups. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 4, 396–405.
  • Hart, E. A., Leary, M. & Rejeski, W. J. (1989). The Measurement of Social Physique Anxiety, Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 11(1), 94-104
  • Hart, T. A., Palyo, S. A., Fresco, D. M., Holle, C., & Heimberg, R. G. (2008). Development and examination of the social appearance anxiety scale. Assessment, 15, 48.
  • Hausenblas, H.A. & Fallon, E.A., (2002). Relationship among body image, exercise behavior, and exercise dependence symptoms. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32(2), 179-85.
  • Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456–470.
  • Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L. & Ediger, B. A. (1995). Perfectionism traits and perfectionistic self‐presentation in eating disorder attitudes, characteristics, and symptoms. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18 (4), 317-326.
  • Kolsallayan, A. (2017). Egzersiz katılımcılarının fiziksel görünüş mükemmeliyetçiliği ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin egzersize katılım güdüsüne etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sporda Psiko-Sosyal Alanlar Anabilim Dalı, İzmir.
  • Kruisselbrink, D.L., Dodge, A.M., Swanburg, S.L., & MacLeod, A.L. (2004). Influence of same-sex and mixed-sex exercise settings on the social physique anxiety of males and females. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26, 616–622.
  • Labunskaya, V. & Pogontseva, D. (2018). Appearance perfectionism, satisfaction and concern with appearance as factors of lookism accessibility in everyday interaction. Section Psychology& Psychiatry. 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS.
  • Lantz, C.D., Hardy, C.J., & Ainsworth, B.E. (1997). Social physique anxiety and perceived exercise behavior. Journal of Sport Behavior, 20, 83–93.
  • Leit, R. A., Gray, J. J. & Pope, H. G. (2002). The medai’s representation of ideal male body. A cause for muscle dysmorphia? International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31, 334-338.
  • Mack, D.E., Strong, H.A., Kowalski, K.C., & Crocker, P.R.E. (2007). Does friendship matter? An examination of social physique anxiety in adolescence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37, 1248–1264.
  • McArthur, L.H., Holbert, D., & Pena, M. (2005). An exploration of the attitudinal and perceptual dimensions of body image among male and female adolescents from six Latin American cities. Adolescence, 40, 801-816.
  • Mülazımoğlu, Ö, Kirazcı, S. & Aşçı, F.H., (2002) Sporcu ve sporcu olmayan bayanların sosyal fizik kaygı ve beden imgesinden hoşnut olma düzeyleri. 7. Spor Bilimleri Kongresi, 27-29 Ekim 2002, Kemer-ANTALYA.
  • Mülazımoğlu-Ballı, Ö. & Aşçı, H. (2006). Sosyal fizik kaygı envanteri’nin güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 17 (1), 11-19.
  • Özdemir, R. A., Çuğ, M. & Çelik, Ö. (2010). Genç yetişkin üniversite öğrencilerinde farklı türde egzersiz uygulamalarının sosyal fizik kaygı düzeyine etkisi. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 21 (2), 60-70.
  • Pope, H. G., Olivardia, R., Gruber, A., & Borowiecki, J. (1999). Evolving ideals of malebody image as seen through action toys.International Journal of Eating Disorders, 26,65–72.
  • Pope, H. G., Gruher, A. J., Magweth, B., Bureau, b., de Col, C., Jouvent, K. et al. (2000). Body image perfection among men in three countries. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1297-1301.
  • Ricciardelli, L. A., & McCabe, M. P. (2004). A biopsychosocial model of disordered eatingand the pursuit of muscularity in adolescent boys. Psychological Bulletin, 130,179–205.
  • Shalygina O.V. & Kholmogorova A.B. (2015). “Body orientation” of the contemporary culture and it’s influence on the children’s, adolescents’ and youth’s health, Psychology and Psychotherapy Counseling, 4(88), 36-68.
  • Shang, Z., & Yang, H. (2013). Mediation effect of appearance stress on relationship between perfectionism and mental health. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 29, 1799–1802.
  • Shang, Z., & Yang, H. (2014). Mediation effect of appearance self-esteem on relationship between perfectionism and mental health. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 30, 769–772.
  • Snell, W. E., Jr., Overbey, G. A., & Brewer, A. L. (2005). Parenting perfectionism and the parenting role. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 613-624.
  • Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., Mobley, M., Trippi, J. & Ashby, J. (2001). The Revised almost perfect scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 130-145.
  • Stoeber, J., Harvey, L. N., Almeida, I., & Lyons, E. (2013). Multidimensional sexual perfectionism. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42, 1593-1604.
  • Sweeney, A. C., & Fingerhut, R. (2013). Examining relationships between body dissatisfaction, maladaptive perfectionism, and postpartum depression symptoms. JOGNN, 42, 551–561.
  • Thompson, J. K., & Cafri, G. (Eds.). (2007).The muscular ideal: Psychological, social, andmedical perspectives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Tiggemann, M. (2002). Media influences on body image development. In T. F. Cash & T.Pruzinsky (Eds.),Body image: A handbook of theory, research and clinical practice(pp.91–98). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Yang, H., & Stoeber, J. (2012). The Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale: Development and preliminary validation. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34, 69-83.
  • Yang, H., Yang, Y., Xu, L., Wu, Oianwen, Xu, J. Weng, E., Wang, K. Cai, S. (2017). The relation of physical appearance perfectionşsm with body dissatisfaction among school students 9-18 years of age. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 399-404.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Fiziksel Görünüş Mükemmeliyetçiliği ve Sosyal-Fizik Kaygılarının İncelenmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 55 - 64, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.787026

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin fiziksel görünüş mükemmeliyetçiliği ve sosyal görünüm kaygı puanlarını farklı değişkenlere göre karşılaştırmak ve bu iki değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi açığa çıkarmaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu kolayda ulaşılabilir örnekleme yoluyla seçilen; 111 kadın (Xyaş= 20.59) ve 80 erkek (Xyaş= 21.39) olmak üzere toplam 191 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde planlanmış kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak “Fiziksel Görünüş Mükemmeliyetçiliği” ve “Sosyal Fizik Kaygı Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. Veriler; betimsel istatistik yöntemleri, t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve pearson korelasyon analizi yöntemleriyle test edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular; Fiziksel Görünüş Mükemmeliyetçiliği’nin “mükemmellik için umut” alt boyutu ile Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Ölçeği’nin “görünüm rahatlığı” alt boyutu arasında olumsuz yönde (r=-.31; p<.05), “olumsuz değer beklentisi” alt boyutu ile de pozitif yönde (r=.16; p<.05) anlamlı ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Analiz sonuçları katılımcıların fiziksel görünüş mükemmeliyetçiliği ve sosyal görünüm kaygı puanlarının cinsiyete ve okudukları bölüme göre farklılaşmadığını göstermiştir (p> .05). Katılımcıların Fiziksel Görünüş Mükemmeliyetçiliği puanlarının egzersiz yapma durumuna göre farklılaşmadığı ancak egzersiz yapan katılımcıların “görünüm rahatlığı” puanlarının anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (t= 2.00; p> .05). Sonuç olarak; mükemmele ulaşma çabasını yoğun yaşayan öğrencilerin görünümleri konusunda rahat olmadıkları ve olumsuz değerlendirilme beklentisinde oldukları; egzersize katılım gösterenlerin ise görünümleri konusunda rahat oldukları ifade edilebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Alemdar, S. & Öncü, E. (2015). Öğretmen Adaylarının Fiziksel Aktiviteye Katılım ve Sosyal Görünüş Kaygılarının İncelenmesi. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (IntJSCS), 3, 287-300.
  • Arabacı, R., Öztürk Kuter, F. & Doğan, A. (2008). Sosyal fizik kaygı ve bazı fiziksel uygunluk özellikler arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması. E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy Health Sciences, 3 (4), 185-193.
  • Birchwood, M., Trower, P., Brunet, K., Gilbert, P., Iqbal, Z., & Jacson, C. (2006). Social anxiety and the shame of psychosis: A study in first episode psychosis. Behaviour Research Therapy, 52: 55–68.
  • Boone, L., Soenens, B., & Braet, C. (2011). Perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and bulimic symptoms: The intervening role of perceived pressure to be thin and thin ideal internalization. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30, 1043-1068.
  • Boone, L., Soenens, B., & Luyten, P. (2014). When or why does perfectionism translate into eating disorder pathology? A longitudinal examination o the moderating and mediating role of body dissatisfaction. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 412-418.
  • Burns, D. D. (1980). The perfectionist’s script for self-defeat. Psychology Today, 14(6), 34-52.
  • Cash, T. F. (2002). Cognitive-behavioral perspectives on body image. In T. F. Cash & T.Pruzinsky (Eds.),Body image: A handbook of theory, research and clinical practice(pp.38–46). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Çepikkurt, F. &Yazgan İnanç, B. (2012). Determining the Role of Perfectionism and Achievement Goals for Competitive Anxiety of College Handball Players, SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2) 43-51.
  • Doğan, T. (2009). Bilişsel ve kendini değerlendirme süreçlerinin sosyal anksiyete açısından incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Sakarya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
  • Doğan, T. (2010) Sosyal görünüş kaygısı ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39:151- 159.
  • Donovan, C. L., Chew, D. & Penny, R. (2014). Perfecting weight restriction: The moderating influence of body dissatisfaction on the relationship between perfectionism and weight control practices. Behavior Change, 31, 189-204.
  • Eklund, R.C., Kelley, B., & Wilson, P. (1997). The social physique anxiety scale: Men, women, and the effects of modifying item 2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19, 188–196.
  • Faytout, M., Tignol, J., Swendsen, J., Grabot, D., & Aouizerate, B., (2005). Social phobia, fear of negative evaluation and harm avoidance. Europen Psychiatry, 21:1-5.
  • Feragen K. B. & Stock N. M. (2018). Factors affecting subjective appearance evaluations among patients with congenital craniofacial conditions: An application of Cash’s cognitive-behavioral model of body image development, Body Image, 24, 124- 136.
  • Frederick, C.M., & Morrison, C.F. (1996). Social physique anxiety: Personality constructs, motivations, exercise attitudes, and behaviors. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82, 963–972.
  • Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C. & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The Dimensional of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14 (5), 449-468.
  • Grammas, D. L., & Schwartz, J. P. (2009). Internalization of messages from society and perfectionism as predictors of male body image. Body Image, 6, 31–36
  • Haase, A.M., & Prapavessis, H. (2001). Social physique anxiety and eating attitudes in female athletic and non-athletic groups. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 4, 396–405.
  • Hart, E. A., Leary, M. & Rejeski, W. J. (1989). The Measurement of Social Physique Anxiety, Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 11(1), 94-104
  • Hart, T. A., Palyo, S. A., Fresco, D. M., Holle, C., & Heimberg, R. G. (2008). Development and examination of the social appearance anxiety scale. Assessment, 15, 48.
  • Hausenblas, H.A. & Fallon, E.A., (2002). Relationship among body image, exercise behavior, and exercise dependence symptoms. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32(2), 179-85.
  • Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456–470.
  • Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L. & Ediger, B. A. (1995). Perfectionism traits and perfectionistic self‐presentation in eating disorder attitudes, characteristics, and symptoms. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18 (4), 317-326.
  • Kolsallayan, A. (2017). Egzersiz katılımcılarının fiziksel görünüş mükemmeliyetçiliği ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin egzersize katılım güdüsüne etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sporda Psiko-Sosyal Alanlar Anabilim Dalı, İzmir.
  • Kruisselbrink, D.L., Dodge, A.M., Swanburg, S.L., & MacLeod, A.L. (2004). Influence of same-sex and mixed-sex exercise settings on the social physique anxiety of males and females. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26, 616–622.
  • Labunskaya, V. & Pogontseva, D. (2018). Appearance perfectionism, satisfaction and concern with appearance as factors of lookism accessibility in everyday interaction. Section Psychology& Psychiatry. 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS.
  • Lantz, C.D., Hardy, C.J., & Ainsworth, B.E. (1997). Social physique anxiety and perceived exercise behavior. Journal of Sport Behavior, 20, 83–93.
  • Leit, R. A., Gray, J. J. & Pope, H. G. (2002). The medai’s representation of ideal male body. A cause for muscle dysmorphia? International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31, 334-338.
  • Mack, D.E., Strong, H.A., Kowalski, K.C., & Crocker, P.R.E. (2007). Does friendship matter? An examination of social physique anxiety in adolescence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37, 1248–1264.
  • McArthur, L.H., Holbert, D., & Pena, M. (2005). An exploration of the attitudinal and perceptual dimensions of body image among male and female adolescents from six Latin American cities. Adolescence, 40, 801-816.
  • Mülazımoğlu, Ö, Kirazcı, S. & Aşçı, F.H., (2002) Sporcu ve sporcu olmayan bayanların sosyal fizik kaygı ve beden imgesinden hoşnut olma düzeyleri. 7. Spor Bilimleri Kongresi, 27-29 Ekim 2002, Kemer-ANTALYA.
  • Mülazımoğlu-Ballı, Ö. & Aşçı, H. (2006). Sosyal fizik kaygı envanteri’nin güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 17 (1), 11-19.
  • Özdemir, R. A., Çuğ, M. & Çelik, Ö. (2010). Genç yetişkin üniversite öğrencilerinde farklı türde egzersiz uygulamalarının sosyal fizik kaygı düzeyine etkisi. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 21 (2), 60-70.
  • Pope, H. G., Olivardia, R., Gruber, A., & Borowiecki, J. (1999). Evolving ideals of malebody image as seen through action toys.International Journal of Eating Disorders, 26,65–72.
  • Pope, H. G., Gruher, A. J., Magweth, B., Bureau, b., de Col, C., Jouvent, K. et al. (2000). Body image perfection among men in three countries. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1297-1301.
  • Ricciardelli, L. A., & McCabe, M. P. (2004). A biopsychosocial model of disordered eatingand the pursuit of muscularity in adolescent boys. Psychological Bulletin, 130,179–205.
  • Shalygina O.V. & Kholmogorova A.B. (2015). “Body orientation” of the contemporary culture and it’s influence on the children’s, adolescents’ and youth’s health, Psychology and Psychotherapy Counseling, 4(88), 36-68.
  • Shang, Z., & Yang, H. (2013). Mediation effect of appearance stress on relationship between perfectionism and mental health. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 29, 1799–1802.
  • Shang, Z., & Yang, H. (2014). Mediation effect of appearance self-esteem on relationship between perfectionism and mental health. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 30, 769–772.
  • Snell, W. E., Jr., Overbey, G. A., & Brewer, A. L. (2005). Parenting perfectionism and the parenting role. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 613-624.
  • Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., Mobley, M., Trippi, J. & Ashby, J. (2001). The Revised almost perfect scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 130-145.
  • Stoeber, J., Harvey, L. N., Almeida, I., & Lyons, E. (2013). Multidimensional sexual perfectionism. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42, 1593-1604.
  • Sweeney, A. C., & Fingerhut, R. (2013). Examining relationships between body dissatisfaction, maladaptive perfectionism, and postpartum depression symptoms. JOGNN, 42, 551–561.
  • Thompson, J. K., & Cafri, G. (Eds.). (2007).The muscular ideal: Psychological, social, andmedical perspectives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Tiggemann, M. (2002). Media influences on body image development. In T. F. Cash & T.Pruzinsky (Eds.),Body image: A handbook of theory, research and clinical practice(pp.91–98). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Yang, H., & Stoeber, J. (2012). The Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale: Development and preliminary validation. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34, 69-83.
  • Yang, H., Yang, Y., Xu, L., Wu, Oianwen, Xu, J. Weng, E., Wang, K. Cai, S. (2017). The relation of physical appearance perfectionşsm with body dissatisfaction among school students 9-18 years of age. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 399-404.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fatma Çepikkurt 0000-0002-9096-2873

Yağmur Ayaz Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-7407-0042

Elif Nilay Ada 0000-0002-8817-6136

Esen Kızıldağ Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4927-8682

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2020
Kabul Tarihi 27 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çepikkurt, F., Ayaz, Y., Ada, E. N., Kızıldağ, E. (2020). Investigation of Physical Appearance Perfectionism and Social-Physical Anxiety In College Students. International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 4(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.787026