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INVESTIGATION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM PROBLEMS, SLEEP, SCREEN TIME AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC AND DISTANCE EDUCATION PROCESS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 7 - 15, 15.01.2023

Naime Ulug Sena Begen Emrah Keskin Zehra Karahan Tuğba Şanlı Feyza Kelek Mehmet Fatih Adalı Aysenur Özeren Erden Kılıç

Öz

Purpose: The aim of our study is to examine the effects of distance education on musculoskeletal system problems, sleep, screen time and physical activity level in high school adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: 477 high school students were included in the study. Students' demographic information, distance course information, sleep problems, pain intensity and frequency of 13 different body parts, and physical activity levels were determined via the online form.
Results: The average age of the high school students participating in the study was 16.6 ± 1.27, and the average weekly course duration was 16.41±14.47 hours. The students experienced the most frequent and severe head, neck, back, waist and shoulder pain, and 52.8% of the students stated that they had sleep problems. High school students spend 29.07% of their days sitting. The time spent for daily physical activity is 11.33%.
Conclusion: During the Covid 19 Pandemic process, the increase in screen time and decrease in physical activity levels of high school adolescents with distance education caused musculoskeletal pain and sleep problems. According to findings of this study, it is suggested to develop strategies for permanent behavior change to improve the health of adolescents.
Keywords: covid-19; distance learning; pain, physical activity; screen time

Anahtar Kelimeler

covid-19 distance learning pain

Kaynakça

  • Al-Hashel, J. Y., Alroughani, R., Shuaibi, S., AlAshqar, A., AlHamdan, F., AlThufairi, H., Owayed, S., & Ahmed, S. F. (2020, Jun 24). Impact of primary headache disorder on quality of life among school students in Kuwait. J Headache Pain, 21(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-020-01124-3
  • Brink, Y., Louw, Q., & Grimmer, K. (2020, Oct). Do changes in psychosocial factors, lifestyle factors and sitting posture influence the likelihood of musculoskeletal pain in high school computer users? Physiother Res Int, 25(4), e1865. https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.1865
  • Budak, F., & Korkmaz, Ş. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi sürecine yönelik genel bir değerlendirme: Türkiye örneği. Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Yönetim Dergisi(1), 62-79.
  • Dickinson, C. E., Campion, K., Foster, A. F., Newman, S. J., O'Rourke, A. M., & Thomas, P. G. (1992, Jun). Questionnaire development: an examination of the Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire. Appl Ergon, 23(3), 197-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(92)90225-k
  • Ertuğ, C. (2020). Coronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemisi ve pedagojik yansımaları: Türkiye’de açık ve uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 11-53.
  • Ferreira, M. C., Bevilaqua-Grossi, D., Dach, F. E., Speciali, J. G., Goncalves, M. C., & Chaves, T. C. (2014, Jan-Feb). Body posture changes in women with migraine with or without temporomandibular disorders. Braz J Phys Ther, 18(1), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-35552012005000137
  • Galli, F., D'Antuono, G., Tarantino, S., Viviano, F., Borrelli, O., Chirumbolo, A., Cucchiara, S., & Guidetti, V. (2007). Headache and recurrent abdominal pain: a controlled study by the means of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Cephalalgia, 27(3), 211-219.
  • Gooley, J. J., Chamberlain, K., Smith, K. A., Khalsa, S. B., Rajaratnam, S. M., Van Reen, E., Zeitzer, J. M., Czeisler, C. A., & Lockley, S. W. (2011, Mar). Exposure to room light before bedtime suppresses melatonin onset and shortens melatonin duration in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 96(3), E463-472. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-2098
  • Guo, Y.-f., Liao, M.-q., Cai, W.-l., Yu, X.-x., Li, S.-n., Ke, X.-y., Tan, S.-x., Luo, Z.-y., Cui, Y.-f., & Wang, Q. (2021). Physical activity, screen exposure and sleep among students during the pandemic of COVID-19. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1-11.
  • Hale, L., & Guan, S. (2015, Jun). Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Sleep Med Rev, 21, 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.007
  • Han, H., Lee, S., & Shin, G. (2019, 2019/03/04). Naturalistic data collection of head posture during smartphone use. Ergonomics, 62(3), 444-448. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2018.1544379
  • Harrison, D. E., Cailliet, R., Harrison, D. D., Troyanovich, S. J., & Harrison, S. O. (1999). A review of biomechanics of the central nervous system—Part III: spinal cord stresses from postural loads and their neurologic effects. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 22(6), 399-410.
  • Hayran M., H. M. (2011). Sağlık araştırmaları için temel istatistik. Art Ofset Matbaacılık Yayıncılık Organizasyon Ltd. Şti.
  • Hills, A. P., Andersen, L. B., & Byrne, N. M. (2011, Sep). Physical activity and obesity in children. Br J Sports Med, 45(11), 866-870. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090199
  • İLASLAN, E., TAYLAN, S., ÖZKAN, İ., & ADIBELLİ, D. (2020). Bir İlçedeki Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyleri ve İlişkili Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Intern Med, 5(1), 15-21.
  • Kodama, S., Tanaka, S., Heianza, Y., Fujihara, K., Horikawa, C., Shimano, H., Saito, K., Yamada, N., Ohashi, Y., & Sone, H. (2013, Feb). Association between physical activity and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 36(2), 471-479. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-0783
  • Lin, M. P. (2020, Nov 18). Prevalence of Internet Addiction during the COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Risk Factors among Junior High School Students in Taiwan. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228547
  • Lissak, G. (2018). Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: Literature review and case study. Environmental research, 164, 149-157.
  • Liu, X., Uchiyama, M., Okawa, M., & Kurita, H. (2000, Feb 1). Prevalence and correlates of self-reported sleep problems among Chinese adolescents. Sleep, 23(1), 27-34.
  • M, A. L., Al Qadire, M., Aloush, S., Tawalbeh, L., AlAzzam, M., Suliman, M., Batiha, A. M., Alhalaiqa, F., Alshakh, H., & Abd Al-Rahman, A. (2019, Apr). Assessment of Headache Among High School Students in Jordan. J Sch Nurs, 35(2), 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840517734613
  • McAllister, C., Hisler, G. C., Blake, A. B., Twenge, J. M., Farley, E., & Hamilton, J. L. (2021, Jul 23). Associations Between Adolescent Depression and Self-Harm Behaviors and Screen Media Use in a Nationally Representative Time-Diary Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00832-x
  • Nejati, P., Lotfian, S., Moezy, A., & Nejati, M. (2015). The Study of Correlation between Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain in Iranian Office Workers. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 28(2). <Go to ISI>://WOS:000353639800007
  • O'Brien, H. L., & Cohen, J. M. (2015, Nov-Dec). Young Adults With Headaches: The Transition From Adolescents to Adults. Headache, 55(10), 1404-1409. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12706
  • Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2014, Feb 26). Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. Jama, 311(8), 806-814. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.732
  • Ozudogru Celik, T., Duyur Cakit, B., Nacir, B., Genc, H., Cakit, M. O., & Karagoz, A. (2020, Jun). Neurodynamic evaluation and nerve conduction studies in patients with forward head posture. Acta Neurol Belg, 120(3), 621-628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-018-0941-9
  • Physical activity. (2021). Retrieved 29.07 from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity
  • Pirnes, K. P., Kallio, J., Kankaanpää, A., Häkkinen, A., & Tammelin, T. (2020). Associations of neck and shoulder pain with objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time among school-aged children. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 20(4), 821-827.
  • Reamy, B. V., & Slakey, J. B. (2001, Jul 1). Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: review and current concepts. Am Fam Physician, 64(1), 111-116.
  • Rogol, A. D., Roemmich, J. N., & Clark, P. A. (2002, Dec). Growth at puberty. J Adolesc Health, 31(6 Suppl), 192-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00485-8
  • Saglam, M., Arikan, H., Savci, S., Inal-Ince, D., Bosnak-Guclu, M., Karabulut, E., & Tokgozoglu, L. (2010, Aug). International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills, 111(1), 278-284. https://doi.org/10.2466/06.08.Pms.111.4.278-284
  • Saraiva, B. T. C., Pinto, R. Z., Oliveira, C. B., Zanuto, E. F., Scarabottolo, C. C., Delfino, L. D., Suetake, V. Y. B., Gil, F. C. S., & Christofaro, D. G. D. (2020). Continuity of physical activity practice from childhood to adolescence is associated with lower neck pain in both sexes and lower back pain in girls. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 33(2), 269-275.
  • Schlossberg, E. B., Morrow, S., Llosa, A. E., Mamary, E., Dietrich, P., & Rempel, D. M. (2004). Upper extremity pain and computer use among engineering graduate students. American journal of industrial medicine, 46(3), 297-303.
  • Schmidt, S. C. E., Anedda, B., Burchartz, A., Eichsteller, A., Kolb, S., Nigg, C., Niessner, C., Oriwol, D., Worth, A., & Woll, A. (2020, Dec 11). Physical activity and screen time of children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: a natural experiment. Sci Rep, 10(1), 21780. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78438-4
  • Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O'Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., & Agha, R. (2020, Apr). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg, 76, 71-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034
  • Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith, A., Wang, X., & Sasangohar, F. (2020, Sep 3). Effects of COVID-19 on College Students' Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study. J Med Internet Res, 22(9), e21279. https://doi.org/10.2196/21279
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  • Visudtibhan, A., Boonsopa, C., Thampratankul, L., Nuntnarumit, P., Okaschareon, C., Khongkhatithum, C., Chiemchanya, S., & Visudhiphan, P. (2010). Headache in junior high school students: types & characteristics in Thai children. J Med Assoc Thai, 93(5), 550-557.
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Covid-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Uygulanan Uzaktan Eğitimin Lise Öğrencilerinin Kas İskelet Sistemi Problemleri, Uyku, Ekran Süresi ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyine Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 7 - 15, 15.01.2023

Naime Ulug Sena Begen Emrah Keskin Zehra Karahan Tuğba Şanlı Feyza Kelek Mehmet Fatih Adalı Aysenur Özeren Erden Kılıç

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı lise çağındaki adolesanlarda COVID– 19 pandemisi sürecinde uzaktan eğitimin kas iskelet sistemi problemleri, uyku, ekran süresi ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyine etkisi incelemektir.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya 477 lise öğrencisi dahil edildi. Online form aracılığı ile öğrencilerin demografik bilgileri, uzaktan ders bilgileri, uyku problemleri, 13 farklı vücut bölümüne ait ağrı şiddeti ve sıklığı, fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri belirlendi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan lise öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 16,6 ± 1,27, haftalık ortalama ders üresi 16,41±14,47 saattir. Öğrenciler en sık ve şiddetli baş, boyun, sırt, bel ve omuz ağrısı yaşamakta, öğrencilerinin %52,8’i uyku problemi yaşadığını belirtmiştir. Lise öğrencileri günlerinin %29,07’sini oturarak geçirmektedir. Günlük fiziksel aktiviteye ayrılan zaman ise %11.33’dür.
Sonuç: Covid 19 Pandemisi sürecinde uzaktan eğitimle birlikte lise çağındaki adolesanların ekran sürelerinin artması ve fiziksel aktivite seviyelerinin azalması kas iskelet sistemi ağrılarına ve uyku problemlerine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın bulgularına göre, adolesanların sağlığını iyileştirmek için kalıcı davranış değişikliğine yönelik stratejiler geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: covid-19; uzaktan eğitim; ağrı, fiziksel aktivite; ekran süresi

Anahtar Kelimeler

covid-19 uzaktan eğitim ağrı

Kaynakça

  • Al-Hashel, J. Y., Alroughani, R., Shuaibi, S., AlAshqar, A., AlHamdan, F., AlThufairi, H., Owayed, S., & Ahmed, S. F. (2020, Jun 24). Impact of primary headache disorder on quality of life among school students in Kuwait. J Headache Pain, 21(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-020-01124-3
  • Brink, Y., Louw, Q., & Grimmer, K. (2020, Oct). Do changes in psychosocial factors, lifestyle factors and sitting posture influence the likelihood of musculoskeletal pain in high school computer users? Physiother Res Int, 25(4), e1865. https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.1865
  • Budak, F., & Korkmaz, Ş. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi sürecine yönelik genel bir değerlendirme: Türkiye örneği. Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Yönetim Dergisi(1), 62-79.
  • Dickinson, C. E., Campion, K., Foster, A. F., Newman, S. J., O'Rourke, A. M., & Thomas, P. G. (1992, Jun). Questionnaire development: an examination of the Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire. Appl Ergon, 23(3), 197-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(92)90225-k
  • Ertuğ, C. (2020). Coronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemisi ve pedagojik yansımaları: Türkiye’de açık ve uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 11-53.
  • Ferreira, M. C., Bevilaqua-Grossi, D., Dach, F. E., Speciali, J. G., Goncalves, M. C., & Chaves, T. C. (2014, Jan-Feb). Body posture changes in women with migraine with or without temporomandibular disorders. Braz J Phys Ther, 18(1), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-35552012005000137
  • Galli, F., D'Antuono, G., Tarantino, S., Viviano, F., Borrelli, O., Chirumbolo, A., Cucchiara, S., & Guidetti, V. (2007). Headache and recurrent abdominal pain: a controlled study by the means of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Cephalalgia, 27(3), 211-219.
  • Gooley, J. J., Chamberlain, K., Smith, K. A., Khalsa, S. B., Rajaratnam, S. M., Van Reen, E., Zeitzer, J. M., Czeisler, C. A., & Lockley, S. W. (2011, Mar). Exposure to room light before bedtime suppresses melatonin onset and shortens melatonin duration in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 96(3), E463-472. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-2098
  • Guo, Y.-f., Liao, M.-q., Cai, W.-l., Yu, X.-x., Li, S.-n., Ke, X.-y., Tan, S.-x., Luo, Z.-y., Cui, Y.-f., & Wang, Q. (2021). Physical activity, screen exposure and sleep among students during the pandemic of COVID-19. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1-11.
  • Hale, L., & Guan, S. (2015, Jun). Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Sleep Med Rev, 21, 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.007
  • Han, H., Lee, S., & Shin, G. (2019, 2019/03/04). Naturalistic data collection of head posture during smartphone use. Ergonomics, 62(3), 444-448. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2018.1544379
  • Harrison, D. E., Cailliet, R., Harrison, D. D., Troyanovich, S. J., & Harrison, S. O. (1999). A review of biomechanics of the central nervous system—Part III: spinal cord stresses from postural loads and their neurologic effects. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 22(6), 399-410.
  • Hayran M., H. M. (2011). Sağlık araştırmaları için temel istatistik. Art Ofset Matbaacılık Yayıncılık Organizasyon Ltd. Şti.
  • Hills, A. P., Andersen, L. B., & Byrne, N. M. (2011, Sep). Physical activity and obesity in children. Br J Sports Med, 45(11), 866-870. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090199
  • İLASLAN, E., TAYLAN, S., ÖZKAN, İ., & ADIBELLİ, D. (2020). Bir İlçedeki Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyleri ve İlişkili Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Intern Med, 5(1), 15-21.
  • Kodama, S., Tanaka, S., Heianza, Y., Fujihara, K., Horikawa, C., Shimano, H., Saito, K., Yamada, N., Ohashi, Y., & Sone, H. (2013, Feb). Association between physical activity and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 36(2), 471-479. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-0783
  • Lin, M. P. (2020, Nov 18). Prevalence of Internet Addiction during the COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Risk Factors among Junior High School Students in Taiwan. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228547
  • Lissak, G. (2018). Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: Literature review and case study. Environmental research, 164, 149-157.
  • Liu, X., Uchiyama, M., Okawa, M., & Kurita, H. (2000, Feb 1). Prevalence and correlates of self-reported sleep problems among Chinese adolescents. Sleep, 23(1), 27-34.
  • M, A. L., Al Qadire, M., Aloush, S., Tawalbeh, L., AlAzzam, M., Suliman, M., Batiha, A. M., Alhalaiqa, F., Alshakh, H., & Abd Al-Rahman, A. (2019, Apr). Assessment of Headache Among High School Students in Jordan. J Sch Nurs, 35(2), 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840517734613
  • McAllister, C., Hisler, G. C., Blake, A. B., Twenge, J. M., Farley, E., & Hamilton, J. L. (2021, Jul 23). Associations Between Adolescent Depression and Self-Harm Behaviors and Screen Media Use in a Nationally Representative Time-Diary Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00832-x
  • Nejati, P., Lotfian, S., Moezy, A., & Nejati, M. (2015). The Study of Correlation between Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain in Iranian Office Workers. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 28(2). <Go to ISI>://WOS:000353639800007
  • O'Brien, H. L., & Cohen, J. M. (2015, Nov-Dec). Young Adults With Headaches: The Transition From Adolescents to Adults. Headache, 55(10), 1404-1409. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12706
  • Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2014, Feb 26). Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. Jama, 311(8), 806-814. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.732
  • Ozudogru Celik, T., Duyur Cakit, B., Nacir, B., Genc, H., Cakit, M. O., & Karagoz, A. (2020, Jun). Neurodynamic evaluation and nerve conduction studies in patients with forward head posture. Acta Neurol Belg, 120(3), 621-628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-018-0941-9
  • Physical activity. (2021). Retrieved 29.07 from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity
  • Pirnes, K. P., Kallio, J., Kankaanpää, A., Häkkinen, A., & Tammelin, T. (2020). Associations of neck and shoulder pain with objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time among school-aged children. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 20(4), 821-827.
  • Reamy, B. V., & Slakey, J. B. (2001, Jul 1). Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: review and current concepts. Am Fam Physician, 64(1), 111-116.
  • Rogol, A. D., Roemmich, J. N., & Clark, P. A. (2002, Dec). Growth at puberty. J Adolesc Health, 31(6 Suppl), 192-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00485-8
  • Saglam, M., Arikan, H., Savci, S., Inal-Ince, D., Bosnak-Guclu, M., Karabulut, E., & Tokgozoglu, L. (2010, Aug). International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills, 111(1), 278-284. https://doi.org/10.2466/06.08.Pms.111.4.278-284
  • Saraiva, B. T. C., Pinto, R. Z., Oliveira, C. B., Zanuto, E. F., Scarabottolo, C. C., Delfino, L. D., Suetake, V. Y. B., Gil, F. C. S., & Christofaro, D. G. D. (2020). Continuity of physical activity practice from childhood to adolescence is associated with lower neck pain in both sexes and lower back pain in girls. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 33(2), 269-275.
  • Schlossberg, E. B., Morrow, S., Llosa, A. E., Mamary, E., Dietrich, P., & Rempel, D. M. (2004). Upper extremity pain and computer use among engineering graduate students. American journal of industrial medicine, 46(3), 297-303.
  • Schmidt, S. C. E., Anedda, B., Burchartz, A., Eichsteller, A., Kolb, S., Nigg, C., Niessner, C., Oriwol, D., Worth, A., & Woll, A. (2020, Dec 11). Physical activity and screen time of children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: a natural experiment. Sci Rep, 10(1), 21780. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78438-4
  • Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O'Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., & Agha, R. (2020, Apr). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg, 76, 71-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034
  • Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith, A., Wang, X., & Sasangohar, F. (2020, Sep 3). Effects of COVID-19 on College Students' Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study. J Med Internet Res, 22(9), e21279. https://doi.org/10.2196/21279
  • Tali, D., Menahem, I., Vered, E., & Kalichman, L. (2014, Oct). Upper cervical mobility, posture and myofascial trigger points in subjects with episodic migraine: Case-control study. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 18(4), 569-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2014.01.006
  • Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2018). Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study. Preventive medicine reports, 12, 271-283.
  • Visudtibhan, A., Boonsopa, C., Thampratankul, L., Nuntnarumit, P., Okaschareon, C., Khongkhatithum, C., Chiemchanya, S., & Visudhiphan, P. (2010). Headache in junior high school students: types & characteristics in Thai children. J Med Assoc Thai, 93(5), 550-557.
  • Wang, X., Chen, H., Liu, L., Liu, Y., Zhang, N., Sun, Z., Lou, Q., Ge, W., Hu, B., & Li, M. (2020). Anxiety and Sleep Problems of College Students During the Outbreak of COVID-19. Front Psychiatry, 11, 588693. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.588693
  • Wiederhold, B. K. (2020, Jun). Children's Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Boundaries and Etiquette. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 23(6), 359-360. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.29185.bkw
  • Wu, X. Y., Han, L. H., Zhang, J. H., Luo, S., Hu, J. W., & Sun, K. (2017). The influence of physical activity, sedentary behavior on health-related quality of life among the general population of children and adolescents: A systematic review. PLoS One, 12(11), e0187668. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187668
  • Xiang, M. Q., Tan, X. M., Sun, J., Yang, H. Y., Zhao, X. P., Liu, L., Hou, X. H., & Hu, M. (2020). Relationship of Physical Activity With Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Chinese College Students During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Front Psychol, 11, 582436. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.582436
  • Zhou, S. J., Wang, L. L., Yang, R., Yang, X. J., Zhang, L. G., Guo, Z. C., Chen, J. C., Wang, J. Q., & Chen, J. X. (2020, Oct). Sleep problems among Chinese adolescents and young adults during the coronavirus-2019 pandemic. Sleep Med, 74, 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.001
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Naime Ulug 0000-0002-3062-1655

Sena Begen 0000-0003-2913-2712

Emrah Keskin 0000-0003-1155-0553

Zehra Karahan 0000-0002-6919-2720

Tuğba Şanlı 0000-0001-6004-1734

Feyza Kelek 0000-0002-1243-5883

Mehmet Fatih Adalı 0000-0002-5116-1467

Aysenur Özeren 0000-0003-0803-1699

Erden Kılıç 0000-0001-6098-9576

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ocak 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ulug, N., Begen, S., Keskin, E., Karahan, Z., vd. (2023). Covid-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Uygulanan Uzaktan Eğitimin Lise Öğrencilerinin Kas İskelet Sistemi Problemleri, Uyku, Ekran Süresi ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyine Etkisi. Journal of Health Sciences and Management, 3(1), 7-15.
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