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HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY LEVELS OF IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND RELATED FACTORS

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 757 - 778, 30.12.2022

Gönül Gökçay Ayşe Çevirme

https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1125651

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the health and environmental literacy levels and related factors of immigrant and non-immigrant university students.
Method: The research was carried out in descriptive and relationship-seeking type. The study sample constitute 860 students studying at a state university in the East of Turkey. The data were collected with the Socio-demographic Information Form, Turkey Health Literacy Scale (THLS-32) and Environmental Literacy Scale. Evaluation of the data; It was performed by using SPSS package program with number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t test, f test and correlation analysis. Statistical significance was accepted as p<0.05.
Results: In the research, 45.5% of the participants are immigrants and 54.5% are non-immigrant students. It was determined that Immigrant Students got 31.33±5.59 points from THLS-32 and 71.00±15.39 points from Environmental literacy. It was determined that Non-Immigrant Students scored 18.62±9.68 in THLS-32 and 78.53±9.30 in Environmental literacy. Health literacy and sub-dimension scores of men, migrants, employees, those with high education level and class, those who consume water daily and students who do not consume harmful substances are higher; It was found that students who are not immigrants, first 1.class, consume 0-1 liters of water and don’t consume harmful substances have higher environmental literacy. A weak negative relationship was found between health and environmental literacy.
Conclusion and Suggestions: A weak negative correlation was found between health and environmental literacy. It was found that the vast majority of students had inadequate or problematic/limited health literacy (77.5%) and high environmental literacy (60.8%). There was a weak negative relationship between health and environmental literacy. In higher education institutions, it is recommended to rise awareness with health and HL integrated educations in the curriculum from the first grade.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Immigrants University Students Health literacy Environmental health

Destekleyen Kurum

Çalışma için herhangi bir kurum veya kuruluştan mali destek alınmamıştır.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank all students who voluntarily participated in the research.

Kaynakça

  • Akıllı, M. ve Genç, M. (2015). Examination of Middle School Students’ Sub-Dimensions of Environmental Literacy in Terms of Various Variables. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 5(2), 81-97.
  • Atabek-Yiğit, E., Köklükaya, N., Yavuz, M., & Demirhan, E. (2014). Development and validation of Environmental Literacy Scale for adults (ELSA). Journal of Baltic Science Education, 13(3), 425. ISSN 1648–3898.
  • Aubin, H. J., Oicheih, L. A., Gabriel, S., & Berlin, I. (2021). Association of smoking reduction and mortality: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies. BMJ Open, 11(1), e039483.
  • Babatunde-Sowole, O. O., Power, T., Davidson, P. M., DiGiacomo, M., & Jackson, D. (2020). Health screening and preventative health care in refugee women: A qualitative analysis. Contemporary Nurse, 56(1), 62-79. doi: 10.1080/10376178.2020.1739543.
  • Bakan, A. B., & Yıldız, M. (2019). A Study on Determining the Health Literacy Levels of Individuals Aged 21-64. Healt and Public, 29(3), 33-40.
  • Baker, D. W., Wolf, M. S., Feinglass, J., Thompson, J. A., Gazmararian, J. A., & Huang, J. (2007). Health literacy and mortality among elderly persons. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167(14), 1503-1509. doi: 10.1001 / archinte.167.14.1503.
  • Berkman, N. D., Davis, T. C., & McCormack, L. (2010). Health literacy: what is it?. Journal of Health Communication, 15(S2), 9-19. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005.
  • Bircher, J., & Kuruvilla, S. (2014). Defining health by addressing individual, social, and environmental determinants: new opportunities for health care and public health. Journal of Public Health Policy, 35(3), 363-386.
  • Bloyd Null, D., Feeser, K., & Kurtzhals, G. (2021). An assessment of environmental literacy, behaviors, attitudes and lifestyle factors of college students. Journal of American College Health, 1-10.
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  • Budak, D. B., Budak, F., Zaimoglu, Z., Kekec, S., & Sucu, M. Y. (2005). Behaviour and attitudes of students towards environmental issues at faculty of agriculture, Turkey. Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(7), 1224–1227. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2005.1224.1227
  • Bulut, S., & Şahin, G. (2020). Investigation of Pedagogical Formation Students' Water Consumption Behavior and Water Footprints. Akdeniz Journal of Education, 3(2), 53-70.
  • Choe, J. H., Kim, C. H., & Ri, G. H. (2020). An investigation on the environmental knowledge and attitudes of senior middle school students in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 29(2), 146–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2019.1678276 Corburn, J. (2007). Community knowledge in environmental health science: Co-producing policy expertise. Environmental Science & Policy, 10(2), 150-161.
  • Demirtaş, N., Akbulut, M. C., & Özşen, Z. S. (2018). A study on environmental literacy of university students: case of Beypazarı vocational school. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 3(1), 27-33. doi: 10.35229/jaes.392248
  • Derman, A., & Hacıeminoğlu, E. (2017). Determination of classroom teachers' environmental literacy levels in the context of education for sustainable development. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 36(2), 81-103.
  • Deveci, İ., & Karteri, İ. (2020). Context-based learning supported by environmental measurement devices in science teacher education: a mixed method research. Journal of Biological Education, 1-26.
  • Duman, F. K. ve Yurtseven, C. N. (2022). Üniversite öğrencilerinin çevre okuryazarlik düzeylerinin incelemesi. ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (1), 52-62.
  • Duplaga, M. (2020). Determinants and consequences of limited health literacy in polish society. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 642. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17020642 Erdogan, S., Nahcivan, N., and Esin, M.N. (Eds.). (2014).Research in Nursing: Process, Practice and Critique. Istanbul: Nobel Medicine Bookstore.
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  • Finn, S., & O’Fallon, L. (2017). The emergence of environmental health literacy—from its roots to its future potential. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(4), 495-501.
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Göçmen Olan ve Olmayan Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sağlık ve Çevre Okuryazarlık Düzeyleri ve İlişkili Faktörler

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 757 - 778, 30.12.2022

Gönül Gökçay Ayşe Çevirme

https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1125651

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, göçmen ve göçmen olmayan üniversite öğrencilerinin sağlık ve çevre okuryazarlık düzeylerini ve ilişkili faktörleri belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı türde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye'nin doğusunda bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 860 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veriler Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (TSOY-32) ve Çevre Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi; sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, t testi, f testi ve korelasyon analizi ile SPSS paket programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık p<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmada, katılımcıların %45.5'i göçmen ve %54.5'i göçmen olmayan öğrencilerdir. Göçmen Öğrenciler TSOY-32'den 31.33±5.59 puan ve Çevre okuryazarlığından 71.00±15.39 puan aldığı saptanmıştır. Göçmen Olmayan Öğrenciler THLS-32'den 18.62±9.68 puan ve Çevre okuryazarlığından 78.53±9.30 aldığı saptanmıştır. Erkekler, göçmenler, çalışanlar, eğitim düzeyi ve sınıfı yüksek olanlar, günlük su tüketenler ve zararlı madde tüketmeyen öğrencilerin sağlık okuryazarlığı ve alt boyut puanları daha yüksek; göçmen olmayan, birinci sınıf, 0-1 litre su tüketen ve zararlı madde tüketmeyen öğrencilerin çevre okuryazarlığının daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Sağlık ve çevre okuryazarlığı arasında zayıf bir negatif ilişki bulunmuştur.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğunun yetersiz veya sorunlu/sınırlı sağlık okuryazarlığına (%77.5) ve yüksek çevre okuryazarlığına (%60.8) sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sağlık ile çevre okuryazarlığı arasında zayıf bir negatif ilişki bulunmuştur. Yükseköğretim kurumlarında birinci sınıftan itibaren müfredatta yer alan sağlık ve sağlık okuryazarlığı entegre eğitimleri ile farkındalığın artırılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göçmenler Üniversite Öğrenciler Sağlık okuryazarlığı Çevresel sağlık

Kaynakça

  • Akıllı, M. ve Genç, M. (2015). Examination of Middle School Students’ Sub-Dimensions of Environmental Literacy in Terms of Various Variables. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 5(2), 81-97.
  • Atabek-Yiğit, E., Köklükaya, N., Yavuz, M., & Demirhan, E. (2014). Development and validation of Environmental Literacy Scale for adults (ELSA). Journal of Baltic Science Education, 13(3), 425. ISSN 1648–3898.
  • Aubin, H. J., Oicheih, L. A., Gabriel, S., & Berlin, I. (2021). Association of smoking reduction and mortality: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies. BMJ Open, 11(1), e039483.
  • Babatunde-Sowole, O. O., Power, T., Davidson, P. M., DiGiacomo, M., & Jackson, D. (2020). Health screening and preventative health care in refugee women: A qualitative analysis. Contemporary Nurse, 56(1), 62-79. doi: 10.1080/10376178.2020.1739543.
  • Bakan, A. B., & Yıldız, M. (2019). A Study on Determining the Health Literacy Levels of Individuals Aged 21-64. Healt and Public, 29(3), 33-40.
  • Baker, D. W., Wolf, M. S., Feinglass, J., Thompson, J. A., Gazmararian, J. A., & Huang, J. (2007). Health literacy and mortality among elderly persons. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167(14), 1503-1509. doi: 10.1001 / archinte.167.14.1503.
  • Berkman, N. D., Davis, T. C., & McCormack, L. (2010). Health literacy: what is it?. Journal of Health Communication, 15(S2), 9-19. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005.
  • Bircher, J., & Kuruvilla, S. (2014). Defining health by addressing individual, social, and environmental determinants: new opportunities for health care and public health. Journal of Public Health Policy, 35(3), 363-386.
  • Bloyd Null, D., Feeser, K., & Kurtzhals, G. (2021). An assessment of environmental literacy, behaviors, attitudes and lifestyle factors of college students. Journal of American College Health, 1-10.
  • Bobak, M., Pikhart, H., Rose, R., Hertzman, C., & Marmot, M. (2000). Socioeconomic factors, material inequalities, and perceived control in self-rated health: cross-sectional data from seven post-communist countries. Social Science & Medicine, 51(9), 1343-1350.
  • Budak, D. B., Budak, F., Zaimoglu, Z., Kekec, S., & Sucu, M. Y. (2005). Behaviour and attitudes of students towards environmental issues at faculty of agriculture, Turkey. Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(7), 1224–1227. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2005.1224.1227
  • Bulut, S., & Şahin, G. (2020). Investigation of Pedagogical Formation Students' Water Consumption Behavior and Water Footprints. Akdeniz Journal of Education, 3(2), 53-70.
  • Choe, J. H., Kim, C. H., & Ri, G. H. (2020). An investigation on the environmental knowledge and attitudes of senior middle school students in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 29(2), 146–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2019.1678276 Corburn, J. (2007). Community knowledge in environmental health science: Co-producing policy expertise. Environmental Science & Policy, 10(2), 150-161.
  • Demirtaş, N., Akbulut, M. C., & Özşen, Z. S. (2018). A study on environmental literacy of university students: case of Beypazarı vocational school. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 3(1), 27-33. doi: 10.35229/jaes.392248
  • Derman, A., & Hacıeminoğlu, E. (2017). Determination of classroom teachers' environmental literacy levels in the context of education for sustainable development. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 36(2), 81-103.
  • Deveci, İ., & Karteri, İ. (2020). Context-based learning supported by environmental measurement devices in science teacher education: a mixed method research. Journal of Biological Education, 1-26.
  • Duman, F. K. ve Yurtseven, C. N. (2022). Üniversite öğrencilerinin çevre okuryazarlik düzeylerinin incelemesi. ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (1), 52-62.
  • Duplaga, M. (2020). Determinants and consequences of limited health literacy in polish society. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 642. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17020642 Erdogan, S., Nahcivan, N., and Esin, M.N. (Eds.). (2014).Research in Nursing: Process, Practice and Critique. Istanbul: Nobel Medicine Bookstore.
  • Evans, A. Y., Anthony, E., & Gabriel, G. (2019). Comprehensive health literacy among undergraduates: A Ghanaian university-based cross-sectional study. HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice, 3(4), e227-e237. doi: 10.3928/24748307-20190903-01
  • Finn, S., & O’Fallon, L. (2017). The emergence of environmental health literacy—from its roots to its future potential. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(4), 495-501.
  • Gemici NB (2016) A disabled group in working life: Immigrants. İş ve Hayat, 2(4), 239-261. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/isvehayat/issue/29036/310480
  • Gök, N. D., & Kiliç, H. F. (2021). Environmental awareness and sensitivity of nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 101, 104882.
  • Gray, K. M. (2018). From content knowledge to community change: A review of representations of environmental health literacy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(3), 466.
  • Güven, D. Y., Bulut, H., & Öztürk, S. (2018). Examining the Health Literacy Levels of Health Sciences Faculty Students. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 7(2), 400-409. doi: 10.7596/taksad.v7i2.1511
  • Hoffman, S., Rueda, H. A., & Beasley, L. (2020). Health-Related Quality of Life and Health Literacy among Mexican American and Black American Youth in a Southern Border State. Social Work in Public Health, 35(3), 114-124. doi: 10.1080/19371918.2020.1747584
  • Ilgaz, A., & Gözüm, S. (2016). The Importance of Health Literacy for Reliable Use of Complementary Health Approaches. Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing Electronic Journal, 9(2), 67-77.
  • İlhan, A. (2011). Towards a new water policy. Social Change Association. Istanbul: Eylül Ofset Yayıncılık. https://www.suhakki.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/yenibirsupolitikasi.pdf [last accessed 13 July 2020].
  • Kang, T. (2022). Construction and Empirical Analysis of Citizens' Water Literacy Evaluation Index System: A Structural Equation Model. Water Resources Management, 36(4), 1393-1411.
  • Kayan, A. (2018). Çevre sorunlarına eğitimle farkındalık oluşturma. Journal of awareness, Cilt:3, Sayı: Özel, 481-496
  • Koç, A., Çorapçıgil, A., Doğru, M. (2019) An investigation of environmental literacy levels of preservice science teachers. Journal of Education and New Approaches, 1(1), 39-52.
  • Kroufek, R., Çelik, C., & Can, S. (2015). The Comparison of Environmental Literacy of Czech and Turkish pre-service primary teachers using Elsa Scale. Turk. Online J. Educ. Technol, 8, 557-560.
  • Levin-Zamir, D., Baron-Epel, O. B., Cohen, V., & Elhayany, A. (2016). The association of health literacy with health behavior, socioeconomic indicators, and self-assessed health from a national adult survey in Israel. Journal of Health Communication, 21(sup2), 61-68. doi:10.1080/10810730.2016.1207115 Lindsey, M., Chen, S. R., Ben, R., Manoogian, M., & Spradlin, J. (2021). Defining environmental health literacy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11626.
  • Malatyalı, İ. & Biçer, E. B., (2018). Determining the level of health literacy: The case of Sivas Cumhuriyet University. Ankara Journal of Health Services, 17(2), 1-15.
  • Muluk, Ç.B., Kurt, B., Turak, A., Türker, A., Çalışkan M.A., Balkız, Ö., Gümrükçü, S., Sarıgül, G. ve Zeydanlı, U. (2013). State of Water in Turkey and New Approaches to Water Management: Environmental Perspective. Business World and Sustainable Development Association - Nature Conservation Center. http://www.dkm.org.tr/dosyalar/yayindosya_rnf27jiq.pdf [last accessed 13 July 2020].
  • Nourmoradi, H., Asadi, M., Naghizadeh, M. M., Mazloomi, S., Asadi, H., & Ghazanfari, Z. (2021). The influence of an education program on students’ environmental responsibility in developing countries: evidence from Iran. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 1-11.
  • Nutbeam, D. (2008). The evolving concept of health literacy. Social Science & Medicine, 67(12), 2072-2078.
  • Nutbeam, D., & Lloyd, J. E. (2020). Understanding and responding to health literacy as a social determinant of health. Annual Review of Public Health.
  • Okyay, P., Abacıgil, F., Harlak, H. (2016). European Health Literacy Scale-32. In Turkey Health Literacy Scale reliability and validity study. Okyay, P., and Abacıgil, F., (eds). Ankara: Turkish Ministry of Health Publication No:1025, pp.43-60.
  • Ozen, N., Bal Ozkaptan, B., Coskun, S., & Terzioglu, F. (2019). Health literacy of nursing students and its effective factors. Nursing Forum, 54(3), 396-402. doi: 10.1111/nuf.12346.
  • Öztürk, S. (2016). Environmental Health Nursing. In: Erci, B. (eds). Public Health Nursing. Anadolu Nobel Medical Bookstores, ISBN 978-605-83928, p.282.
  • Ramirez-Andreotta, M. D., Brody, J. G., Lothrop, N., Loh, M., Beamer, P. I., & Brown, P. (2016). Reporting back environmental exposure data and free choice learning. Environmental Health, 15(1), 1-6.
  • Salgado, M., Madureira, J., Mendes, A. S., Torres, A., Teixeira, J. P., & Oliveira, M. D. (2020). Environmental determinants of population health in urban settings. A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-11.
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  • Tamam, İ., Yürekli, M. V., Başaran, Ö., & Uskun, E.(2017). Awareness Towards Environmental Problems and Environmental Attitudes of Medical Students. Smyrna Tıp Dergisi, 8-17.
  • Tanrıöver Durusu M, Yıldırım HH, Ready Demiray FN, et al. (2014) Turkey Health Literacy Survey. Ankara, Health-Joyful Publications -25, pp.14-26.
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  • Uysal, N., Ceylan, E., & Koç, A. (2020). Health literacy level and influencing factors in university students. Health & Social Care in the Community, 28(2), 505-511. doi: 10.1111/hsc.12883.
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  • Yılmaz, A., & Yanarateş, E. (2020). Determination of metaphorical perceptions of prospective teachers on the concept of “Water Pollution” through triangulation. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(3), 1500-1528.
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  • Zhang, Y., Zhang, F., Hu, P., Huang, W., Lu, L., Bai, R., & Zhao, Y. (2016a). Exploring health literacy in nursing students of Chongqing, China: a cross-sectional survey using the health literacy questionnaire. The Lancet, 99, 388. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32026-8.
  • Zhang, Y., Zhang, F., Hu, P., Huang, W., Lu, L., Bai, R., ... & Zhao, Y. (2016b). Exploring health literacy in medical university students of Chongqing, China: a cross-sectional study. PloS one, 11(4), e0152547. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152547.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Orjinal Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gönül Gökçay 0000-0003-0140-8668

Ayşe Çevirme 0000-0001-7116-2523

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Aralık 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Gökçay, G., & Çevirme, A. (2022). HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY LEVELS OF IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND RELATED FACTORS. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(3), 757-778. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1125651
AMA Gökçay G, Çevirme A. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY LEVELS OF IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND RELATED FACTORS. JSHS. Aralık 2022;7(3):757-778. doi:10.47115/jshs.1125651
Chicago Gökçay, Gönül, ve Ayşe Çevirme. “HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY LEVELS OF IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND RELATED FACTORS”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 7, sy. 3 (Aralık 2022): 757-78. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1125651.
EndNote Gökçay G, Çevirme A (01 Aralık 2022) HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY LEVELS OF IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND RELATED FACTORS. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 7 3 757–778.
IEEE G. Gökçay ve A. Çevirme, “HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY LEVELS OF IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND RELATED FACTORS”, JSHS, c. 7, sy. 3, ss. 757–778, 2022, doi: 10.47115/jshs.1125651.
ISNAD Gökçay, Gönül - Çevirme, Ayşe. “HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY LEVELS OF IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND RELATED FACTORS”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 7/3 (Aralık 2022), 757-778. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1125651.
JAMA Gökçay G, Çevirme A. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY LEVELS OF IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND RELATED FACTORS. JSHS. 2022;7:757–778.
MLA Gökçay, Gönül ve Ayşe Çevirme. “HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY LEVELS OF IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND RELATED FACTORS”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 757-78, doi:10.47115/jshs.1125651.
Vancouver Gökçay G, Çevirme A. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY LEVELS OF IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND RELATED FACTORS. JSHS. 2022;7(3):757-78.
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