Türkiye’de şeker pancarı ekim alanlarından tespit edilen potansiyel biyokontrol ajanı Podospora flexuosa (syn. Cladorrhinum flexuosum)’nın izolasyonu ve tanımlanması
Öz
Şeker pancarı (Beta vulgaris L.) Türkiye’nin Konya ilinde yaygın olarak yetiştirilmekte ve Türkiye şeker pancarı üretiminin yaklaşık üçte biri bu ilden elde edilmektedir. 2015-2017 yıllarında bölgedeki şeker pancarı tarlalarında şiddetli kök çürüklüğü ve kuruma belirtileri gösteren bitkilerden yapılan izolasyonlar sonucunda, farklı fungal türlere ait toprak ve yaprak hastalık etmenleri ile birlikte yapraklardan da yeni bir endofitik fungal izolat elde edilmiştir. Fungal izolat besiyerinde donuk sarı, açık zeytinden açık kahverengiye kadar değişen renklerde, hızlı büyüyen koloni benzeri, esnek konidiyoforlara ve septat dallı hiflere sahiptir. Temsili fungal izolat konukçu bitki yapraklarında hastalık belirtilerine neden olmamıştır. Fungal izolatın moleküler tanımlaması ITS gen bölgesine özgü primerler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilirken, morfolojik ve moleküler özelliklerine göre Podospora flexuosa (syn. Cladorrhinum flexuosum) olarak tanımlanmıştır. P. flexuosa’nın toprakta ve bitki materyallerinde saprofit olarak yaşayan bir biyolojik kontrol ajanı olarak bildirildiğinden, çalışmamızda elde edilen fungal izolatın gelecekte bitki hastalık etmenlerinin biyolojik kontrolünde potansiyel bir biyokontrol ajanı olarak kullanılabileceği düünülmektedir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla, bu fungal tür Türkiye için ilk kez rapor edilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Beta vulgaris Podospora flexuosa Cladorrhinum flexuosum Mikobiyota ITS Patojenisite Kayıt Türkiye
Kaynakça
- Abaya, A., Xue, A., & Hsiang, T. (2021). Selection and screening of fungal endophytes against wheat pathogens. Biological Control, 154, 104511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104511
- Akar, A., & Yavuz, D.Ö. (2020). Uşak ili şeker pancarı (Beta vulgaris L.) ekim tarlalarında bulunan yabancı ot türlerinin, rastlama sıklıklarının ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25 (3), 461-473. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.678019
- Bell, A., & Mahoney, D.P. (1997). Coprophilous fungi in New Zealand II. Podospora species with coriaceous perithecia. Mycologia, 89, 908-915, https://doi.org/10.2307/3761111
- Brantner, J.R., & Windels, C.E. (1998). Variability in sensitivity to metalaxyl in vitro, pathogenicity, and control of Pythium spp. on sugar beet. Plant Disease, 82 (8), 896-899, https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.8.896
- Butt, T.M., Jackson, C., & Magan, N. (2001). Introduction-fungal biological control agents. T.M. Butt, C.W. Jackson, N. Magan (Eds.), Fungi as Biocontrol Agents. Progress, Problems and Potential, CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, pp. 1-8.
- Carmarán, C.C., Berretta, M., Martínez, S., Barrera, V., Munaut, F., & Gasoni, L. (2015). Species diversity of Cladorrhinum in Argentina and description of a new species, Cladorrhinum australe. Mycological Progress, 14, 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1106-3
- Chopin, J.B., Sigler, L., Connole, M.D., O’Boyle, D.A., Mackay, B., & Goldstein, L. (1997). Keratomycosis in a Percheron cross horse caused by Cladorrhinum bulbillosum. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology, 35, 53-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681219780000871
- Domsch, K.H., Gams, W., & Anderson, T.H. (2007). Compendium of soil fungi. 2nd ed. Eching: IHW Verlag. 672 p.
- FAOSTAT. (2019). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [online]. Website http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize (Accesssed on 12.06.2023).
- Gajjar, D.U., Pal, A.K. Santos, J.M., Ghodadra, B.K., & Vasavada, A.R. (2011). Severe pigmented keratitis caused by Cladorrhinum bulbillosum. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 29, 434-437. https://doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.90191
- Gilgado, F., Cano, J., Gené, J., & Guarro, J. (2005). Molecular phylogeny of the Pseudallescheria boydii species complex: proposal of two new species. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43, 4930-4942. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.43.10.4930-4942.2005
- Hanson, G.C., Hammer, L.B., & Colton, C.L. (2006). Development and validation of a multidimensional scale of perceived work-family positive spillover. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11 (3), 249-265. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.11.3.249
- Herr, L.J., & Roberts, D.L. (1980). Characterization of Rhizoctonia populations obtained from sugar beet felds with difering soil textures. Phytopathology, 70 (6), 476-480.
- Huang, S.K., Hyde, K.D., Mapook, A., Maharachchikumbura, S.S., Bhat, J.D., McKenzie, E.H.C, Jeewon, R., & Wen, T.C. (2021). Taxonomic studies of some often over-looked Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae. Fungal Diversity, 111, 443-572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00488-4
- Hoog de, G.S., Guarro, J., Gene, J., & Figueras, M.J. (2005). Atlas of clinical fungi. 2nd ed. Utrecht/Reus: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures/Universitat Rovira i Virgili. 1126 p.
- Kurt, Ş., Soylu, S., Uysal, A., Soylu, E.M., & Kara, M. (2020). Ceviz gövde kanseri hastalığı etmeni Botryosphaeria dothidea’nın tanılanması ve bazı fungisitlerin hastalık etmenine karşı in vitro antifungal etkinliklerininin belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25 (1), 46-56. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.686111
- Lee, S.B., & Taylor, J.W. (1990). Isolation of DNA from fungal mycelia and single spores. Pages 282-287 in: PCR protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, and T. J. White, eds. Academic Press, New York.
- Lewis, J.A, & Larkin, R.P. (1998). Formulation of the biocontrol fungus Cladorrhinum foecundissimum to reduce the damping-off disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. Biological Control, 12, 182-190. https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1998.0639
- Madrid, H., Cano, J., Gené, J., & Guarro, J. (2011). Two new species of Cladorrhinum. Mycologia, 103 (4), 795-805. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-150
- Miller, A.N., & Huhndorf, S.M. (2001). Neotropical ascomycetes 10. New and interesting Cercophora species. Sydowia, 53, 211-226.
- Mouchacca, J., & Gams, W. (1993). The hyphomycete genus Cladorrhinum and its teleomorph connections. Mycotaxon, 48, 415-440.
- Schmitthenner, A.F., & Hilty, J.W. (1962). A method for studying postemergence seedling root rot. Phytopathology, 52, 177-17.
- Townsend, G.K., & Heuberger, J.W. (1943). Methods for estimating losses caused by diseases in fungicide experiments. The Plant Disease Reporter, 27, 340-343.
- Trebbi, D., & McGrath, J.M. (2004). Fluorometric sucrose evaluation for sugar beet. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 6862-6867. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048900c
- TÜİK. (2019). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr (Accesssed on 12.06.2023).
- Uysal, A., Kurt, Ş., Soylu, S., Kara, M., & Soylu, E.M. (2022). Hatay ilinde yer alan turunçgil paketleme tesislerinde meyve ve hava kökenli mikrobiyata içerisindeki fungal ve bakteriyel türler ile yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 27 (2), 340-351. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1095692
- Üstüner, T. (2022). Determination of weed species, density, frequency and coverage areas in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) fields located in Kahramanmaras and Adana provinces. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 27 (3), 512-524. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1101680
- White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S., & Taylor, J.W. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky J, White TJ (eds), PCR Protocols: a Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 315-322 pp.
- Xue, A.G. (2003). Biological control of pathogens causing root rot complex in field pea using Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941. Phytopathology, 93, 329-335. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.3.329
- Xue, A.G., Voldeng, H.D., Savard, M.E., Fedak, G., Tian, X., & Hsiang, T. (2009). Biological control of fusarium head blight of wheat with Clonostachy rosea strain ACM941. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 31, 169-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/07060660909507590
- Wang, X.W., Bai, F.Y., Bensch, K., Meijer, M., Sun, B.D., Han, Y.F., Crous, P.W., Samson, R.A., Yang, F.Y., & Houbraken, J. (2019a). Phylogenetic re-evaluation of Thielavia with the introduction of a new family Podosporaceae. Studies in Mycology, 93, 155-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2019.08.002
- Wang, X.W., Yang, F.Y., Meijer, M., Kraak, B., Sun, B.D., Jiang, Y.L., Wu, Y.M., Bai, F.Y., Seifert, K.A., Crous, P.W., Samson, R.A., & Houbraken, J. (2019b). Redefining Humicola sensu stricto and related genera in the Chaetomiaceae. Studies in Mycology, 93, 65-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.07.001
- Zapater, R.C., & Scattini, F. (1979). Mycotic keratitis by Cladorrhinum. Sabouraudia, 17, 56-69.
Isolation and identification of Podospora flexuosa (syn. Cladorrhinum flexuosum), a potential biocontrol agent detected in sugar beet cultivation areas in Türkiye
Öz
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is widely cultivated in Konya province of Türkiye and about one third of Türkiye’s sugar beet production is obtained from this province. As a result of the isolations made from plants showing severe root rot and desiccation symptoms in sugar beet fields in the region in 2015-2017, a new endophytic fungal isolate was obtained from leaves along with soil and foliar disease agents belonging to different fungal species. The fungal isolate has dull yellow, light olive to light brown, fast growing colony-like, flexible conidiophores and septate branched hyphae. The representative fungal isolate did not cause disease symptoms on host plant leaves. Molecular identification of the fungal isolate was carried out using primers specific to the ITS gene region, and it was identified as Podospora flexuosa (syn. Cladorrhinum flexuosum) based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Since P. flexuosa is reported to be a biological control agent living as a saprophyte in soil and plant materials, it is thought that the fungal isolate obtained in our study can be used as a potential biocontrol agent in the biological control of plant disease agents in the future. To the best of our knowledge, this fungal species is reported for the first time for Türkiye.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Beta vulgaris Podospora flexuosa Cladorrhinum flexuosum Mycobiota ITS Pathogenicity Record Türkiye
Etik Beyan
All authors have equal contribution The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest
Teşekkür
The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Harun Bayraktar and Asst. Prof. Gülsüm Palacıoğlu, who supported the molecular diagnostic studies of the isolates.
Kaynakça
- Abaya, A., Xue, A., & Hsiang, T. (2021). Selection and screening of fungal endophytes against wheat pathogens. Biological Control, 154, 104511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104511
- Akar, A., & Yavuz, D.Ö. (2020). Uşak ili şeker pancarı (Beta vulgaris L.) ekim tarlalarında bulunan yabancı ot türlerinin, rastlama sıklıklarının ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25 (3), 461-473. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.678019
- Bell, A., & Mahoney, D.P. (1997). Coprophilous fungi in New Zealand II. Podospora species with coriaceous perithecia. Mycologia, 89, 908-915, https://doi.org/10.2307/3761111
- Brantner, J.R., & Windels, C.E. (1998). Variability in sensitivity to metalaxyl in vitro, pathogenicity, and control of Pythium spp. on sugar beet. Plant Disease, 82 (8), 896-899, https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.8.896
- Butt, T.M., Jackson, C., & Magan, N. (2001). Introduction-fungal biological control agents. T.M. Butt, C.W. Jackson, N. Magan (Eds.), Fungi as Biocontrol Agents. Progress, Problems and Potential, CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, pp. 1-8.
- Carmarán, C.C., Berretta, M., Martínez, S., Barrera, V., Munaut, F., & Gasoni, L. (2015). Species diversity of Cladorrhinum in Argentina and description of a new species, Cladorrhinum australe. Mycological Progress, 14, 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1106-3
- Chopin, J.B., Sigler, L., Connole, M.D., O’Boyle, D.A., Mackay, B., & Goldstein, L. (1997). Keratomycosis in a Percheron cross horse caused by Cladorrhinum bulbillosum. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology, 35, 53-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681219780000871
- Domsch, K.H., Gams, W., & Anderson, T.H. (2007). Compendium of soil fungi. 2nd ed. Eching: IHW Verlag. 672 p.
- FAOSTAT. (2019). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [online]. Website http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize (Accesssed on 12.06.2023).
- Gajjar, D.U., Pal, A.K. Santos, J.M., Ghodadra, B.K., & Vasavada, A.R. (2011). Severe pigmented keratitis caused by Cladorrhinum bulbillosum. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 29, 434-437. https://doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.90191
- Gilgado, F., Cano, J., Gené, J., & Guarro, J. (2005). Molecular phylogeny of the Pseudallescheria boydii species complex: proposal of two new species. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43, 4930-4942. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.43.10.4930-4942.2005
- Hanson, G.C., Hammer, L.B., & Colton, C.L. (2006). Development and validation of a multidimensional scale of perceived work-family positive spillover. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11 (3), 249-265. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.11.3.249
- Herr, L.J., & Roberts, D.L. (1980). Characterization of Rhizoctonia populations obtained from sugar beet felds with difering soil textures. Phytopathology, 70 (6), 476-480.
- Huang, S.K., Hyde, K.D., Mapook, A., Maharachchikumbura, S.S., Bhat, J.D., McKenzie, E.H.C, Jeewon, R., & Wen, T.C. (2021). Taxonomic studies of some often over-looked Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae. Fungal Diversity, 111, 443-572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00488-4
- Hoog de, G.S., Guarro, J., Gene, J., & Figueras, M.J. (2005). Atlas of clinical fungi. 2nd ed. Utrecht/Reus: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures/Universitat Rovira i Virgili. 1126 p.
- Kurt, Ş., Soylu, S., Uysal, A., Soylu, E.M., & Kara, M. (2020). Ceviz gövde kanseri hastalığı etmeni Botryosphaeria dothidea’nın tanılanması ve bazı fungisitlerin hastalık etmenine karşı in vitro antifungal etkinliklerininin belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25 (1), 46-56. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.686111
- Lee, S.B., & Taylor, J.W. (1990). Isolation of DNA from fungal mycelia and single spores. Pages 282-287 in: PCR protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, and T. J. White, eds. Academic Press, New York.
- Lewis, J.A, & Larkin, R.P. (1998). Formulation of the biocontrol fungus Cladorrhinum foecundissimum to reduce the damping-off disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. Biological Control, 12, 182-190. https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1998.0639
- Madrid, H., Cano, J., Gené, J., & Guarro, J. (2011). Two new species of Cladorrhinum. Mycologia, 103 (4), 795-805. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-150
- Miller, A.N., & Huhndorf, S.M. (2001). Neotropical ascomycetes 10. New and interesting Cercophora species. Sydowia, 53, 211-226.
- Mouchacca, J., & Gams, W. (1993). The hyphomycete genus Cladorrhinum and its teleomorph connections. Mycotaxon, 48, 415-440.
- Schmitthenner, A.F., & Hilty, J.W. (1962). A method for studying postemergence seedling root rot. Phytopathology, 52, 177-17.
- Townsend, G.K., & Heuberger, J.W. (1943). Methods for estimating losses caused by diseases in fungicide experiments. The Plant Disease Reporter, 27, 340-343.
- Trebbi, D., & McGrath, J.M. (2004). Fluorometric sucrose evaluation for sugar beet. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 6862-6867. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048900c
- TÜİK. (2019). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr (Accesssed on 12.06.2023).
- Uysal, A., Kurt, Ş., Soylu, S., Kara, M., & Soylu, E.M. (2022). Hatay ilinde yer alan turunçgil paketleme tesislerinde meyve ve hava kökenli mikrobiyata içerisindeki fungal ve bakteriyel türler ile yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 27 (2), 340-351. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1095692
- Üstüner, T. (2022). Determination of weed species, density, frequency and coverage areas in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) fields located in Kahramanmaras and Adana provinces. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 27 (3), 512-524. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1101680
- White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S., & Taylor, J.W. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky J, White TJ (eds), PCR Protocols: a Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 315-322 pp.
- Xue, A.G. (2003). Biological control of pathogens causing root rot complex in field pea using Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941. Phytopathology, 93, 329-335. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.3.329
- Xue, A.G., Voldeng, H.D., Savard, M.E., Fedak, G., Tian, X., & Hsiang, T. (2009). Biological control of fusarium head blight of wheat with Clonostachy rosea strain ACM941. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 31, 169-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/07060660909507590
- Wang, X.W., Bai, F.Y., Bensch, K., Meijer, M., Sun, B.D., Han, Y.F., Crous, P.W., Samson, R.A., Yang, F.Y., & Houbraken, J. (2019a). Phylogenetic re-evaluation of Thielavia with the introduction of a new family Podosporaceae. Studies in Mycology, 93, 155-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2019.08.002
- Wang, X.W., Yang, F.Y., Meijer, M., Kraak, B., Sun, B.D., Jiang, Y.L., Wu, Y.M., Bai, F.Y., Seifert, K.A., Crous, P.W., Samson, R.A., & Houbraken, J. (2019b). Redefining Humicola sensu stricto and related genera in the Chaetomiaceae. Studies in Mycology, 93, 65-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.07.001
- Zapater, R.C., & Scattini, F. (1979). Mycotic keratitis by Cladorrhinum. Sabouraudia, 17, 56-69.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Bitki Koruma (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 14 Mart 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 8 Nisan 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 3 Kasım 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 21 Ocak 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1 |
Kaynak Göster
