İnceleme Makalesi
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Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 71 - 78, 30.12.2022

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akgun, A. E., Keskin, H., Ayar, H., and Etlioglu, T. (2017). Why Companies Go Positive Marketing Innovations: A New Theoretical Prototype for 4ps of Innovation, J. Bus. Econ. Finance, 6 (1), 70–77.
  • Anselmsson, J. and Johansson, U. (2009). Retailer Brands and The Impact on Innovativeness in the Grocery Market, Journal of Marketing Management, 25 (1–2), 75–95.
  • Bartoloni, E. and Baussola, M. (2016). Does Technological Innovation Undertaken Alone Have a Real Pivotal Role? Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 25 (2): 91–113.
  • Bortoluzzi, G., Kadic-Maglajlic, S., Arslanagic-Kalajdzic, M., & Balboni, B. (2018). Innovativeness As a Driver of The International Expansion of Developing Markets’ Firms: Evidence of Curvilinear Effects. International Marketing Review, 35 (2): 215–235.
  • Farida, N. (2016). Determinants of Marketing Performance: Innovation, Market Capabilities and Marketing Performance, Journal of Management Dynamics, 7 (1): 59-65.
  • Hinterhuber, A. and Liozu, S. M. (2014). Is Innovation in Pricing Your Next Source of Competitive Advantage? Business Horizons, 57 (3): 413–423.
  • Jalilvand, M.R. (2017). The Effect of Innovativeness and Customer-Oriented Systems on Performance in The Hotel Industry of Iran, Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 8 (1): 43-46.
  • Kim, N., Im, S., and Slater, S. F. (2013). Impact of Knowledge Type and Strategic Orientation on New Product Creativity and Advantage in High-Technology Firms, J. Prod. Innov, Manage, 30 (1): 136–153.
  • Kourtit, K., and Nijkamp, P. (2012). Smart Cities in the Innovation Age, Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25 (2): 93-95.
  • Leiponen, A. and Helfat, C.E. (2010). Innovation Objectives, Knowledge Sources, and The Benefits of Breadth, Strategic Management Journal, 31(2): 224-236.
  • Meroño-Cerdán, A. L. and López-Nicolás, C. (2017). Innovation Objectives as Determinants of Organizational Innovations, Innovation, 19 (2): 208-226.
  • Moreira, J., Silva, M. J., Simoes, J. and Sousa, G. (2012). Marketing Innovation: Study of Determinants of Innovation in the Design and Packaging of Goods and Services Application to Portuguese Firms, Contemporary Management Research, 8 (2): 117–129.
  • Ndemezo, E., & Kayitana, C. (2017). Innovation and Firms’ Performance in the Rwandese Manufacturing Industry. A firm Level Empirical Analysis, (January), 1–19.
  • Salojarvi, H., Ritala, P., Sainio, L. and Saarenketo, S. (2015). Synergistic Effect of Technology and Customer Relationship Orientations: Consequences for Market Performance, Business & Industrial Marketing, 30 (5): 511-520.
  • Sharon P. and Thierry, V. (2020). Marketing Innovation: A Systematic Review, Journal of Marketing Management, 36 (9-10): 763-793.
  • Simmons, G., Palmer, M., AND Truong, Y. (2013). Inscribing Value on Business Model Innovations: Insights from Industrial Projects Commercializing Disruptive Digital Innovations, Industrial Marketing Management, 42 (5): 744-754.
  • Warrol, C., Öhrwall, A., Larsson, L., Stahre, J., Warrol, C., and Öhrwall, A. (2018). An Assessment Model for Production, Production Costing Models for Capacity Optimization in Gothenburg Efficiency Between Used Capacity, Procedia Manufacturing, 25: 134–141.
  • Zhang, S., Xu, M., Yang, Y., and Song, Z. (2021). Technological Innovation, Production Efficiency and Sustainable Development: A Case Study from Shenzhen in China, Sustainability, 13, 10827.

CHANGE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) EXPENDITURES ACCORDING TO CHANGE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) EXPENDITURES ACCORDING TO R&D EMPLOYEES AND ITS EFFECT ON MANUFACTURING VALUE ADDED IN TURKEY AND ITS EFFECT ON MANUFACTURING VALUE ADDED IN TURKEY

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 71 - 78, 30.12.2022

Öz

Aim: In this research, it was aimed to evaluate change of Research and Development (R&D) expenditures according to R&D employees and its effect on manufacturing value added in turkey.

Methods: R&D expenditures (RDEX) R&D employee (RDEMP) and manufacturing value added (MVA) series were used from the World Bank Country Report from 1996 to 2022 in the research. Spearman’s rho correlations were performed for relationship analysis between research parameters.

Results: R&D expenditure range was 0.36% to 0.96% of GDP for research time interval with 0.66±0.19 mean value. R&D employee value per million people range was 304.34 to 1379.41 for research time interval with 725.31±364.48 mean value. MVA value mean was 17.69±1.91 with 15.05-22.27 range. Spearman’s rho correlation analysis results showed that MVA was negatively correlated with RDEX (r=-0.722; p<0.01) and RDEMP (r=-0.735; p<0.01). According to correlation coefficients, relationship between MVA and ARGEEMP was higher. This result suggests that there have been a renovation process for the country. GLM results showed that effect of RDEMP (B=-0.966; p<0.01) was significant with the effect of year (B=-0.966; p<0.01).

Originality: Although researches express the importance of R&D process on production, this article argues that the transformational process changes may reduce conventional production. For this reason, this research underlines the importance and control of R&D expenditures and employee in order to prevent reduces in production. The negative impact of R&D expenditures on production may be due not only to the nature of R&D expenditures, but also to production variation. Therefore, the research is important in terms of demonstrating the need to re-evaluate the effectiveness of R&D expenditures. In addition, further macroeconomic researches are needed.

Kaynakça

  • Akgun, A. E., Keskin, H., Ayar, H., and Etlioglu, T. (2017). Why Companies Go Positive Marketing Innovations: A New Theoretical Prototype for 4ps of Innovation, J. Bus. Econ. Finance, 6 (1), 70–77.
  • Anselmsson, J. and Johansson, U. (2009). Retailer Brands and The Impact on Innovativeness in the Grocery Market, Journal of Marketing Management, 25 (1–2), 75–95.
  • Bartoloni, E. and Baussola, M. (2016). Does Technological Innovation Undertaken Alone Have a Real Pivotal Role? Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 25 (2): 91–113.
  • Bortoluzzi, G., Kadic-Maglajlic, S., Arslanagic-Kalajdzic, M., & Balboni, B. (2018). Innovativeness As a Driver of The International Expansion of Developing Markets’ Firms: Evidence of Curvilinear Effects. International Marketing Review, 35 (2): 215–235.
  • Farida, N. (2016). Determinants of Marketing Performance: Innovation, Market Capabilities and Marketing Performance, Journal of Management Dynamics, 7 (1): 59-65.
  • Hinterhuber, A. and Liozu, S. M. (2014). Is Innovation in Pricing Your Next Source of Competitive Advantage? Business Horizons, 57 (3): 413–423.
  • Jalilvand, M.R. (2017). The Effect of Innovativeness and Customer-Oriented Systems on Performance in The Hotel Industry of Iran, Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 8 (1): 43-46.
  • Kim, N., Im, S., and Slater, S. F. (2013). Impact of Knowledge Type and Strategic Orientation on New Product Creativity and Advantage in High-Technology Firms, J. Prod. Innov, Manage, 30 (1): 136–153.
  • Kourtit, K., and Nijkamp, P. (2012). Smart Cities in the Innovation Age, Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25 (2): 93-95.
  • Leiponen, A. and Helfat, C.E. (2010). Innovation Objectives, Knowledge Sources, and The Benefits of Breadth, Strategic Management Journal, 31(2): 224-236.
  • Meroño-Cerdán, A. L. and López-Nicolás, C. (2017). Innovation Objectives as Determinants of Organizational Innovations, Innovation, 19 (2): 208-226.
  • Moreira, J., Silva, M. J., Simoes, J. and Sousa, G. (2012). Marketing Innovation: Study of Determinants of Innovation in the Design and Packaging of Goods and Services Application to Portuguese Firms, Contemporary Management Research, 8 (2): 117–129.
  • Ndemezo, E., & Kayitana, C. (2017). Innovation and Firms’ Performance in the Rwandese Manufacturing Industry. A firm Level Empirical Analysis, (January), 1–19.
  • Salojarvi, H., Ritala, P., Sainio, L. and Saarenketo, S. (2015). Synergistic Effect of Technology and Customer Relationship Orientations: Consequences for Market Performance, Business & Industrial Marketing, 30 (5): 511-520.
  • Sharon P. and Thierry, V. (2020). Marketing Innovation: A Systematic Review, Journal of Marketing Management, 36 (9-10): 763-793.
  • Simmons, G., Palmer, M., AND Truong, Y. (2013). Inscribing Value on Business Model Innovations: Insights from Industrial Projects Commercializing Disruptive Digital Innovations, Industrial Marketing Management, 42 (5): 744-754.
  • Warrol, C., Öhrwall, A., Larsson, L., Stahre, J., Warrol, C., and Öhrwall, A. (2018). An Assessment Model for Production, Production Costing Models for Capacity Optimization in Gothenburg Efficiency Between Used Capacity, Procedia Manufacturing, 25: 134–141.
  • Zhang, S., Xu, M., Yang, Y., and Song, Z. (2021). Technological Innovation, Production Efficiency and Sustainable Development: A Case Study from Shenzhen in China, Sustainability, 13, 10827.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kamu Ekonomisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Osman Evren Arıkan 0000-0001-8808-0401

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Arıkan, O. E. (2022). CHANGE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) EXPENDITURES ACCORDING TO CHANGE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) EXPENDITURES ACCORDING TO R&D EMPLOYEES AND ITS EFFECT ON MANUFACTURING VALUE ADDED IN TURKEY AND ITS EFFECT ON MANUFACTURING VALUE ADDED IN TURKEY. Scientific Journal of Finance and Financial Law Studies, 2(2), 71-78.