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Kadınlara Yönelik Psikolojik Şiddet Ölçeğinin (Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory) Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 53, 341 - 371, 25.06.2019

Öz

Yakın ilişkilerdeki en yaygın şiddet türü olarak bilinen psikolojik şiddet, maruz kalanı birçok açıdan eleştirmeye ve güçsüzleştirmeye yarayan süregelen davranışlar bütünü olarak tanımlanabilir. Şiddet uygulayanı ve uygulananı olma açısından cinsiyet tartışmalı bir konudur. Özellikle son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar, şiddet uygulayanın erkek, şiddete maruz kalanın ise kadın olduğu yönündeki yaygın kanının her zaman geçerli olmayabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışma Tolman tarafından geliştirilen Kadınlara Yönelik Psikolojik Şiddet Ölçeğini (Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory) Türkiye kültürüne uyarlamak ve ölçeğin psikolojik şiddete maruz kalma bakımından evli kadın ve erkekler örnekleminde psikometrik özelliklerini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin Türkiye örnekleminde kötü davranma, kısıtlama, kıskançlık ve eleştiri alt boyutlarından oluştuğu gözlemlenmiştir. Psikolojik şiddet alt boyutları çeşitli demografik ve ilişkisel değişkenlere göre anlamlı farklar göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, Kadınlara Yönelik Psikolojik Şiddet Ölçeğinin Türkçe Formunun evli bireylerin maruz kaldığı psikolojik şiddeti ölçmek için kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu bulunmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Alexander, P. C., Moore, S. & Alexander III, E. R. (1991). What is transmitted in the intergenerational transmission of violence? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53(3) 657- 667.
  • Altınay, A. G. & Arat, Y. (2007). Türkiye’de kadına yönelik şiddet. İstanbul, Punto Baskı Çözümleri.
  • Arbuckle J. L. (2009). Amos (Version 18.0) [Bilgisayar Programı]. Chicago: SPSS.
  • Archer, J. (2000). Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 126(5), 651-680.
  • Arias, I. & Pape, K. T. (1999). Psychological abuse: Implications for adjustment and commitment to leave violent partners. Violence and Victims, 14(1), 55-67.
  • Bacchus, L., Mezey, G. & Bewley, S. (2004). Domestic violence: prevalence in pregnant women and associations with physical and psychological health. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 113, 6–11.
  • Baker, C. & Stith, S. M. (2008). Factors predicting dating violence perpetration among male and female college students. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma, 17(2), 227-244.
  • Barter, C. (2009). In the name of love: Partner abuse and violence in teenage relationships. British Journal of Social Work, 39, 211-233.
  • Basile, K. C., Arias, I., Desai, S. & Thompson, M. P. (2004). The differential association of intimate partner physical, sexual, psychological, and stalking violence and posttraumatic stress symptoms in a nationally representative sample of women. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(5), 413–421.
  • Bell, K. M. & Naugle, A. E. (2008). Intimate partner violence theoretical considerations: Moving towards a contextual framework. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1096-1107.
  • Bora, A. (2015). Evlilikte Kadina Yönelik Şiddet: Tutum, Yaşanti Ve Yasal Farkindalik Açisindan Cinsiyetler Arasi Karşilaştirma (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Buss, D. M. & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). From vigilance to violence: Mate retention tactics in married couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 346-361.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Caetano, R., Vaeth, P. A. & Ramisetty-Mikler, S. (2008). Intimate partner violence victim and perpetrator characteristics among couples in the United States. Journal of Family Violence, 23(6), 507-518.
  • Carlson, M. J., Harris, S. D. & Holden, G. W. (1999). Protective orders and domestic violence: Risk factors for re-abuse. Journal of Family Violence, 14(2), 205-226.
  • Chan, K. L. (2011). Gender differences in self-reports of intimate partner violence: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16, 167-175.
  • Coker, A. L., Follingstad, D. R., Bush, H. M. & Fisher, B. S. (2015). Are interpersonal violence rates higher among young women in college compared with those never attending college? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(8), 1413-1429.
  • Começanha, R. & Maia, Â. (2017). Screening tool for psychological intimate partner violence: Portuguese validation of the psychological maltreatment of women inventory. Violence and Victims, doi: https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-16-00060
  • Coston, B. M. (2017). Power and inequality: Intimate partner violence against bisexual and nonmonosexual women in the United States. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, doi:0886260517726415.
  • Dardis, C.M., Dixon, K. J., Edwards, K. M. & Turchik, J. A. (2014). An examination of the factors related to dating violence perpetration among young men and women and associated theoretical explanations: A review of the literature. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 16(2), 136-152.
  • Doğanavşargil, Ö. & Vahip, I. (2007). Fiziksel eş şiddetini belirlemede klinik görüşme yöntemi. Klinik Psikiyatri, 10, 125-136.
  • Doumas, D. M., Pearson, C. L., Elgin, J. E. & McKinley, L. L. (2008). Adult attachment as a risk factor for intimate partner violence: the “mispairing” of partners' attachment styles. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(5), 616-634.
  • Drijber, B. C., Rejinders, U. J. L. & Ceelen, M. (2013). Male victims of domestic violence.Journal of Family Violence, 28, 173-178.
  • Dutton, M.A., Goodman, L. A. & Bennet, L. (1999). Court-involved battered women’s responses to violence: The role of psychological, physical, and sexual abuse. Violence and Victims, 14(1), 89-104.
  • Dutton, D. G. & Nicholls, T. L. (2005). The gender paradigm in domestic violence research and theory: Part 1 – The conflict of theory and data. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10, 680- 714.
  • Erdoğan, S., Aktaş, A. & Bayram, G. O. (2009). Sığınma evinde yaşayan bir grup kadının şiddet deneyimleri ve baş etme yaklaşımları: Niteliksel bir çalışma. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 807-824.
  • Ersoy, N. C., Hünler, O. S., & Namer, Y. (2017). Kadına Psikolojik Eziyet Envanteri Kısa Formu Türkçe Uyarlaması. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(4), 276-286.
  • Fleury, R. E., Sullivan, C. M. & Bybee, D. I. (2000). When ending the relationship doesn’t end the violence: Women’s experiences of violence by former partners. Violence Against Women, 6(12), 1363-1383.
  • Follingstad, D. R. (2007). Rethinking current approaches to psychological abuse: Conceptual and methodological issues. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12, 439-458.
  • Güleç Öyekçin, D., Yetim, D., & Şahin, E. M. (2012). Kadına yönelik farklı eş şiddeti tiplerini etkileyen psikososyal faktörler. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23(2), 73-81.
  • Hardesty, J. L., Crossman, K. A., Haselschwerdt, M. L., Raffaelli, M., Ogolsky, B. G. & Johnson, M. P. (2015). Toward a standard approach to operationalizing coercive control and classifying violence types. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(4), 833-843.
  • Hatipoğlu-Sümer, Z. & Toplu, E. (2011, Ekim). Flört İlişkisinde Şiddete Maruz Kalma ve Şiddet Uygulama: Güç Algısı ve Güç Doyumunun Rolü [Öz]. XI. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresinde sunulan bildiri, Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.
  • Hortaçsu, N., Kalaycıoğlu, S. & Rittersberger-tiliç, H. (2003). Intrafamily aggression in Turkey: Frequency, instigation, and acceptance. The Journal of Social Psychology, 143(2),163-184.
  • Hughes, D. (2004). Domestic violence against men. Erişim tarihi 25 Aralık 2012, http://therightsofman.typepad.co.uk/the_rights_of_man/files/domestic_violence_agai nst_men_by_david_hughes.doc
  • Kasian, M. & Painter, S. L. (1992). Frequency and severity of psychological abuse in a dating population. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7(3), 350-364.
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  • Katz, J., Washington Kuffel, S. & Brown, F. A. (2006). Leaving a sexually coercive dating partner: A prospective application of the investment model. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30, 267- 275.
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Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 53, 341 - 371, 25.06.2019

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alexander, P. C., Moore, S. & Alexander III, E. R. (1991). What is transmitted in the intergenerational transmission of violence? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53(3) 657- 667.
  • Altınay, A. G. & Arat, Y. (2007). Türkiye’de kadına yönelik şiddet. İstanbul, Punto Baskı Çözümleri.
  • Arbuckle J. L. (2009). Amos (Version 18.0) [Bilgisayar Programı]. Chicago: SPSS.
  • Archer, J. (2000). Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 126(5), 651-680.
  • Arias, I. & Pape, K. T. (1999). Psychological abuse: Implications for adjustment and commitment to leave violent partners. Violence and Victims, 14(1), 55-67.
  • Bacchus, L., Mezey, G. & Bewley, S. (2004). Domestic violence: prevalence in pregnant women and associations with physical and psychological health. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 113, 6–11.
  • Baker, C. & Stith, S. M. (2008). Factors predicting dating violence perpetration among male and female college students. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma, 17(2), 227-244.
  • Barter, C. (2009). In the name of love: Partner abuse and violence in teenage relationships. British Journal of Social Work, 39, 211-233.
  • Basile, K. C., Arias, I., Desai, S. & Thompson, M. P. (2004). The differential association of intimate partner physical, sexual, psychological, and stalking violence and posttraumatic stress symptoms in a nationally representative sample of women. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(5), 413–421.
  • Bell, K. M. & Naugle, A. E. (2008). Intimate partner violence theoretical considerations: Moving towards a contextual framework. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1096-1107.
  • Bora, A. (2015). Evlilikte Kadina Yönelik Şiddet: Tutum, Yaşanti Ve Yasal Farkindalik Açisindan Cinsiyetler Arasi Karşilaştirma (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Buss, D. M. & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). From vigilance to violence: Mate retention tactics in married couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 346-361.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Caetano, R., Vaeth, P. A. & Ramisetty-Mikler, S. (2008). Intimate partner violence victim and perpetrator characteristics among couples in the United States. Journal of Family Violence, 23(6), 507-518.
  • Carlson, M. J., Harris, S. D. & Holden, G. W. (1999). Protective orders and domestic violence: Risk factors for re-abuse. Journal of Family Violence, 14(2), 205-226.
  • Chan, K. L. (2011). Gender differences in self-reports of intimate partner violence: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16, 167-175.
  • Coker, A. L., Follingstad, D. R., Bush, H. M. & Fisher, B. S. (2015). Are interpersonal violence rates higher among young women in college compared with those never attending college? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(8), 1413-1429.
  • Começanha, R. & Maia, Â. (2017). Screening tool for psychological intimate partner violence: Portuguese validation of the psychological maltreatment of women inventory. Violence and Victims, doi: https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-16-00060
  • Coston, B. M. (2017). Power and inequality: Intimate partner violence against bisexual and nonmonosexual women in the United States. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, doi:0886260517726415.
  • Dardis, C.M., Dixon, K. J., Edwards, K. M. & Turchik, J. A. (2014). An examination of the factors related to dating violence perpetration among young men and women and associated theoretical explanations: A review of the literature. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 16(2), 136-152.
  • Doğanavşargil, Ö. & Vahip, I. (2007). Fiziksel eş şiddetini belirlemede klinik görüşme yöntemi. Klinik Psikiyatri, 10, 125-136.
  • Doumas, D. M., Pearson, C. L., Elgin, J. E. & McKinley, L. L. (2008). Adult attachment as a risk factor for intimate partner violence: the “mispairing” of partners' attachment styles. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(5), 616-634.
  • Drijber, B. C., Rejinders, U. J. L. & Ceelen, M. (2013). Male victims of domestic violence.Journal of Family Violence, 28, 173-178.
  • Dutton, M.A., Goodman, L. A. & Bennet, L. (1999). Court-involved battered women’s responses to violence: The role of psychological, physical, and sexual abuse. Violence and Victims, 14(1), 89-104.
  • Dutton, D. G. & Nicholls, T. L. (2005). The gender paradigm in domestic violence research and theory: Part 1 – The conflict of theory and data. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10, 680- 714.
  • Erdoğan, S., Aktaş, A. & Bayram, G. O. (2009). Sığınma evinde yaşayan bir grup kadının şiddet deneyimleri ve baş etme yaklaşımları: Niteliksel bir çalışma. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 807-824.
  • Ersoy, N. C., Hünler, O. S., & Namer, Y. (2017). Kadına Psikolojik Eziyet Envanteri Kısa Formu Türkçe Uyarlaması. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(4), 276-286.
  • Fleury, R. E., Sullivan, C. M. & Bybee, D. I. (2000). When ending the relationship doesn’t end the violence: Women’s experiences of violence by former partners. Violence Against Women, 6(12), 1363-1383.
  • Follingstad, D. R. (2007). Rethinking current approaches to psychological abuse: Conceptual and methodological issues. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12, 439-458.
  • Güleç Öyekçin, D., Yetim, D., & Şahin, E. M. (2012). Kadına yönelik farklı eş şiddeti tiplerini etkileyen psikososyal faktörler. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23(2), 73-81.
  • Hardesty, J. L., Crossman, K. A., Haselschwerdt, M. L., Raffaelli, M., Ogolsky, B. G. & Johnson, M. P. (2015). Toward a standard approach to operationalizing coercive control and classifying violence types. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(4), 833-843.
  • Hatipoğlu-Sümer, Z. & Toplu, E. (2011, Ekim). Flört İlişkisinde Şiddete Maruz Kalma ve Şiddet Uygulama: Güç Algısı ve Güç Doyumunun Rolü [Öz]. XI. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresinde sunulan bildiri, Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.
  • Hortaçsu, N., Kalaycıoğlu, S. & Rittersberger-tiliç, H. (2003). Intrafamily aggression in Turkey: Frequency, instigation, and acceptance. The Journal of Social Psychology, 143(2),163-184.
  • Hughes, D. (2004). Domestic violence against men. Erişim tarihi 25 Aralık 2012, http://therightsofman.typepad.co.uk/the_rights_of_man/files/domestic_violence_agai nst_men_by_david_hughes.doc
  • Kasian, M. & Painter, S. L. (1992). Frequency and severity of psychological abuse in a dating population. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7(3), 350-364.
  • Katz, J. & Arias, I. (1999). Psychological abuse and depressive symptoms in dating women: Do different types of abuse have differential effects? Journal of Family Violence, 14(3), 281-295.
  • Katz, J., Washington Kuffel, S. & Brown, F. A. (2006). Leaving a sexually coercive dating partner: A prospective application of the investment model. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30, 267- 275.
  • Kaura, S. A. & Lohman, B. J. (2007). Dating violence victimization, relationship satisfaction, mental health problems, and acceptability of violence: A comparison of men and women. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 367-381.
  • Kılıç, B. Ç. (1999). Aile içi kadına yönelik şiddetin belirlenmesi ve hemşirenin rolü (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Kimmel, M. S. (2001). Male victims of domestic violence: A substantive and methodological research review. A Report to the Equality Committee of the Department of Education and Science. Erişim tarihi 26 Aralık 2012, http://www.amen.ie/Downloads/26013.pdf
  • Kimmel, M. S. (2002). “Gender symmetry” in domestic violence: A substantive and methodological review. Violence Against Women, 8(11), 1332-1363.
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  • Koenig, M. A., Ahmed, S., Hossain, M. B. & Mozumder, A. K. A. (2003). Women’s status and domestic violence in rural Bangladesh: individual-and community-level effects. Demography, 40(2), 269-288.
  • Krug E. G., Dahlberg, L. L., Mercy, J. A., Zwi, A. B. & Lozano, R. (2002). World report on violence and health. Erişim tarihi 1 Ocak 2012, http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/9241545615.pdf
  • Lange, C., Starker, A., von der Lippe, E. & Hölling, H. (2016). Prevalence of experience of physical and psychological violence in the general population in the past 12 months. Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz, 59(1), 4-16.
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  • Toplu, E. & Hatipoğlu-Sümer, Z., (2011, Ekim). Flort iliskisinde siddetin yayginligi ve turleri [Öz] XI. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresinde sunulan bildiri, Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.
  • Toplu Demirtaş, E., Hatipoğlu Sümer, Z., & Murphy, C. M. (2018). Turkish version of the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse: Preliminary psychometrics in college students. Violence and Victims, 33(2), 275-295.
  • Toplu-Demirtaş, E., Hatipoğlu-Sümer, Z. & White, J. W. (2013). The relation between dating violence victimization and commitment among Turkish women: Does the investment model matter? International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 7(2), 203-215.
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Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Senem Ezgi Vatandaşlar 0000-0002-5265-9128

Zeynep Hatipoğlu Sümer 0000-0002-9163-2622

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 53

Kaynak Göster

APA Vatandaşlar, S. E., & Hatipoğlu Sümer, Z. (2019). Kadınlara Yönelik Psikolojik Şiddet Ölçeğinin (Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory) Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 9(53), 341-371.

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.